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1.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-10466

ABSTRACT

São abordados assuntos como: as indicações e contraindicações dos diferentes fármacos utilizados em pacientes com doença renal crônica e a legislação direcionada para a sua dispensação; as ações para o adequado acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico de acordo com o estágio da doença renal; as diferentes formas de apresentação clínica e recomendações quanto a exposição a nefroxicidade das drogas utilizadas no tratamento da DRC. Este recurso educacional integra o conjunto de objetos na área temática de Nefrologia, ofertados pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso autoinstrucional, com carga horária sugerida de 30 horas. O curso é composto por 3 unidades educacionais com o objetivo de capacitar os profissionais da saúde que atuam ou que pretendem atuar na Atenção Básica.


Subject(s)
Drug Therapy , Nephrology , Primary Health Care
2.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-10549

ABSTRACT

E-book que visa promover a compreensão sobre o papel do farmacêutico junto ao paciente renal crônico quanto à orientação do tratamento medicamentoso. São explicados os aspectos relacionados à prescrição individualizada para pacientes em diferentes estágios da doença renal, bem como os métodos de armazenamento, conservação e administração correta dos medicamentos. Também aborda-se neste material o incentivo para a adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Além deste, há mais 31 e-books tratando sobre diversas questões relacionadas à Nefrologia, todos com conteúdos para a formação dos profissionais da saúde que atuam no SUS e dos acadêmicos da área. Este recurso educacional integra o conjunto de objetos autoinstrucionais ofertados pela UNA-SUS/UFMA na área temática de Nefrologia.


Subject(s)
Nephrology , Drug Therapy , Kidney Diseases , Medication Adherence
3.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-10551

ABSTRACT

Este recurso educacional integra o conjunto de objetos autoinstrucionais ofertados pela UNA-SUS/UFMA na área temática de Nefrologia. Trata-se de um e-book que apresenta a nefrotoxicidade como um problema grave e frequente, que pode ser prevenido com medidas simples. No material, faz-se a identificação das principais drogas nefrotóxicas e mecanismos de nefrotoxicidade. Ademais, são abordadas as diferentes formas de apresentação clínica e recursos diagnósticos para nefrotoxicidade, bem como as principais recomendações para exposição a drogas nefrotóxicas na DRC. Além deste, há mais 31 e-books tratando sobre diversas questões relacionadas à Nefrologia. Todos eles fornecem conteúdos interessantes para a formação dos profissionais da saúde que atuam no SUS e dos acadêmicos da área.


Subject(s)
Toxicity , Nephrology , Drug Therapy
4.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-3232

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe o módulo 10 "Farmacologia em Nefrologia" do curso de especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Enfatiza os principais mecanismos e diagnósticos de nefrotoxicidades, apontando as principais drogas nefrotóxicas utilizadas na práticas clínicas, assim como os mecanismos de toxicidade renal e medidas nefroprotetoras.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services , Therapeutics , Nephrology
5.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-3205

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe o módulo 10 "Farmacologia em Nefrologia" do curso de especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda as principais reações adversas relacionadas aos medicamentos frequentemente utilizados por pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC), a importância da adesão medicamentosa para êxito das medidas terapêuticas e os aspectos relacionados à conservação, armazenamento e uso dos medicamentos no tratamento da DRC.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services , Nephrology , Therapeutics
6.
Open Cardiovasc Med J ; 9: 40-9, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25866591

ABSTRACT

The role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone metabolism has been well established. However, in recent years, many studies have demonstrated that its role extends far beyond bone health. Growing evidence has shown a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its cardiovascular protective effects are still not completely understood, but there is evidence that it participates in the regulation of renin-angiotensin system and the mechanisms of insulin sensitivity and activity of inflammatory cytokines, besides its direct cardiovascular actions. In this review, several studies linking vitamin D deficiency with cardiometabolic risk as well as small randomized trials that have evaluated the cardiovascular effects of its supplementation are presented. However, large randomized placebo-controlled studies are still needed before we can definitively establish the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease.

7.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 27(5): 356-365, set.-out. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742407

ABSTRACT

O papel da vitamina D na regulação do metabolismo ósseo já está bem estabelecido. Entretanto, nos últimosanos, vários estudos evidenciam que a função da vitamina D se estende muito além da saúde óssea, incluindo a regulação do sistema imunológico e efeitos antiproliferativos nas células, podendo ainda desempenhar papel importante na fisiologia do sistemacardiovascular. Evidências crescentes demonstram forte associação entre hipovitaminose D e hipertensão arterialsistêmica (HAS), síndrome metabólica (SM), diabetes mellitus (DM) e aterosclerose, podendo representar, pois,um fator de risco cardiovascular emergente. Os mecanismos pelos quais a vitamina D exerceria seus efeitos cardio e vasculoprotetores ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos, mas há inúmeras evidências de que ela possa exercer importantes papéis na regulaçãodo sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA), nos mecanismos de secreção e sensibilidade à insulina e na atuação dascitocinas inflamatórias, além de ações cardíacas e vasculares diretas. Nesta revisão, são apresentados vários estudos associando deficiência de vitamina D com marcadores de aterosclerose e risco cardiometabólico,assim como pequenos ensaios randomizados que avaliaram os efeitos cardiovasculares de sua suplementação. No entanto, embora seja plausívelconsiderar a suplementação dessa vitamina como um meio promissor de interferir favoravelmente no riscocardiovascular, grandes estudos randomizados e controlados com placebo, com poder estatísticoadequado para avaliação de desfechos pesados ainda são necessários para que se possa estabelecer definitivamente seu papel na prevenção e tratamento dadoença cardiovascular.(DCV)


The role of vitamin D in bone metabolism regulation is already well established. However, during the past fewyears, several studies have shown that the function of vitamin D extends well beyond bone health, including immune system regulation and antiproliferative effects in cells, while also playing an important role in cardiovascular system physiology. Growing evidence is demonstrating strong associations between hypovitaminosis D and hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and atherosclerosis, thus possibly indicating an emergent cardiovascular risk factor. Themechanisms through which vitamin D exerts its protective cardiovascular effects are not yet fully elucidated, but there is ample evidence that it may playimportant roles in renin-angiotensin system regulation, as well as insulin secretion and sensitivity mechanismsand the actions of inflammatory cytokines, in addition to direct cardiac and vascular actions. This reviewpresents several studies associating vitamin D deficiency with cardiometabolic risk and atherosclerosis markers,as well as some minor randomized clinical trials assessing the cardiovascular effects of vitamin Dsupplements. However, although it is plausible to consider vitamin D supplementation as a promisingway of intervening favorably in cardiovascular risk, major randomized placebo-controlled trials, with adequate statistical power for evaluating hardendpoints, are still needed in order to definitively confirm its role in the prevention and treatment ofcardiovascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements , Avitaminosis/complications , Diabetes Mellitus , Risk Factors , Hypertension , Prevalence , Metabolic Syndrome
8.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2023

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 1 do módulo 4, "Atendimento ao portador de doença renal", do Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os principais métodos diagnósticos para Doença Renal Crônica como a avaliação laboratorial, clínica e por imagem


Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases , Nephrology , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Diagnostic Imaging , Clinical Diagnosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques
9.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2024

ABSTRACT

Este material compõe o Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar (Unidade 1, Módulo 4), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta como uma simples urinálise pode detectar uma lesão tubular, através da presença de glicosúria, do ph urinário e da densidade urinária.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , Kidney Diseases , Nephrology
10.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 26(2): 131-137, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685724

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A obesidade é muito frequente em mulheres portadoras de síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e está associada ao aumento do risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Associar medidas antropométricas: índice de massa corpórea (IMC), circunferência da cintura(CC), relação cintura-estatura (RCEST), relação cintura quadril (RCQ), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC)a fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV): pressão arterial elevada, perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum alterados, em mulheres com SOP. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 78 mulheres portadoras de SOP, diagnosticadas pelo critério de Rotterdam. Foram mensurados: colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG), LDL-colesterol (LDL-c), HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), glicemia de jejum e pressão arterial (PA) em todas as pacientes, bem como as variáveis antropométricas. Resultados: A prevalência de obesidade foi elevada, tanto avaliada pelo IMC (34,6%), quanto avaliada pelo %GC (61,5%). A alteração do perfil lipídico foi relevante na amostra, especialmente a diminuição do HDL-c observada em 34,6% das mulheres. O IMC, CC e RCEST apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com todos os FRCV analisados neste estudo. Conclusões: A presença de FRCV foi elevada na amostra estudada. Os indicadores antropométricos utilizados apresentaram boa correlação com o risco cardiovascular em mulheres com SOP. Isso sugere a viabilidade do uso desses indicadores na avaliação clínica, com vistas à detecção do risco cardiovascular nessas pacientes.


Background: Obesity is very frequent in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with the increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: To associate anthropometric measurements body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC),waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%) with the following cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF): high blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose changes among women with PCOS. Methods: Cross-section study conducted with 78 women with PCOS, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Consensus. The following were measured: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LCL-c) HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting glucose and blood pressure (BP) in all patients, as well as anthropometric variables. Results: The prevalence of obesity was high when assessed by BMI (34.6%) and BF% (61.5%). The lipid profile was relevant in the sample, especially the decrease in HDL-c noted in 34.6% of the women. The BMI, WC and WHtR showed significant positive correlation with all CVRF analyzed in this study. Conclusions: The presence of cardiovascular risk : factors was high in the sample studied. The anthropometric indicators used in this study showed a good correlation to cardiovascular risks among women with PCOS. This suggests the feasibility of using these indicators in clinical evaluations in order to detect cardiovascular risks among these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anthropometry/methods , Risk Factors , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity, Abdominal
11.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 58(5): 568-73, 2012.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23090228

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) and cardiometabolic risk factors in women with hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 218 patients monitored by HiperDia (Enrollment and Monitoring Program for Hypertensive and Diabetic Individuals) in two health units in São Luis, MA, Brazil. The dependent variable was HW and the independent variables were sociodemographics, lifestyle, anthropometrics, and health problems. RESULTS: HW was present in 33% of the sample and was predominant in women aged > 60 years (56.4%), non-whites (81.7%), those with eight or fewer years of schooling (57.3%), and those belonging to socioeconomic class C (49%). Excess weight (68.8%) and hypercholesterolemia (68.8%) were observed. HW was associated with: smoking (PR: 2.08; p = 0.017), overweight (PR: 2.46; p = 0.010), obesity (PR: 4.13; p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (PR: 1.87; p = 0.015), high levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol (PR: 3.41; p < 0.001), and fasting glycemia > 100 mg/dL or being diabetic (PR: 1.86; p = 0.006). After adjustment, total cholesterol (PR = 1.78; p = 0.012), HDL-cholesterol (PR: 3.03; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) > 25 to < 30 kg/m² (PR = 2.60; p = 0.005), and BMI > 30 kg/m² (PR = 3.61; p < 0.001) remained associated. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of HW and its association with altered lipid profile and excess body weight was observed. HW showed to be an important diagnostic tool for the monitoring of hypertensive women with metabolic risk, which is low cost, easily accessible, and useful in clinical practice, especially in primary health care in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS).


Subject(s)
Hypertension/complications , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Waist Circumference , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hypertension/blood , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertriglyceridemia/epidemiology , Middle Aged , National Health Programs , Overweight/blood , Overweight/complications , Overweight/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 58(5): 568-573, set.-out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653769

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CH) e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em mulheres portadoras de hipertensão arterial. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 218 pacientes acompanhadas pelo Programa do Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos (HiperDia), em duas unidades de saúde de São Luís, MA, Brasil. A variável dependente foi CH e as variáveis independentes foram sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, antropométricas e agravos à saúde. RESULTADOS: A CH esteve presente em 33% da amostra e foi predominante na idade > 60 anos (56,4%), não brancas (81,7%), com oito anos ou menos de estudo (57,3%) e pertencentes à classe C (49%). Observaram-se excesso de peso (68,8%) e hipercolesterolemia (68,8%). A CH associou-se a: tabagismo (RP: 2,08; p = 0,017), sobrepeso (RP: 2,46; p = 0,010), obesidade (RP: 4,13; p < 0,001), hipercolesterolemia (RP: 1,87; p = 0,015), HDL (high density lipoproteins) colesterol alto (RP: 3,41; p < 0,001) e glicemia de jejum > 100 mg/dL ou ser diabética (RP: 1,86; p = 0,006). Após ajustamento, permaneceram associados o colesterol total (RP = 1,78; p = 0,012), HDL colesterol (RP: 3,03; p < 0,001), IMC > 25 a < 30 kg/m² (RP = 2,60; p = 0,005) e IMC > 30 kg/m² (RP = 3,61; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se elevada prevalência de CH e sua associação com perfil lipídico alterado e excesso de peso corporal. A CH se mostrou um importante instrumento diagnóstico para o acompanhamento de hipertensas com risco metabólico, de fácil obtenção e menor custo, útil na prática clínica, em especial, na atenção básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) and cardiometabolic risk factors in women with hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 218 patients monitored by HiperDia (Enrollment and Monitoring Program for Hypertensive and Diabetic Individuals) in two health units in São Luis, MA, Brazil. The dependent variable was HW and the independent variables were sociodemographics, lifestyle, anthropometrics, and health problems. RESULTS: HW was present in 33% of the sample and was predominant in women aged > 60 years (56.4%), non-whites (81.7%), those with eight or fewer years of schooling (57.3%), and those belonging to socioeconomic class C (49%). Excess weight (68.8%) and hypercholesterolemia (68.8%) were observed. HW was associated with: smoking (PR: 2.08; p = 0.017), overweight (PR: 2.46; p = 0.010), obesity (PR: 4.13; p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (PR: 1.87; p = 0.015), high levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol (PR: 3.41; p < 0.001), and fasting glycemia > 100 mg/dL or being diabetic (PR: 1.86; p = 0.006). After adjustment, total cholesterol (PR = 1.78; p = 0.012), HDL-cholesterol (PR: 3.03; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) > 25 to < 30 kg/m² (PR = 2.60; p = 0.005), and BMI > 30 kg/m² (PR = 3.61; p < 0.001) remained associated. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of HW and its association with altered lipid profile and excess body weight was observed. HW showed to be an important diagnostic tool for the monitoring of hypertensive women with metabolic risk, which is low cost, easily accessible, and useful in clinical practice, especially in primary health care in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS).


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hypertension/complications , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Waist Circumference , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertension/blood , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertriglyceridemia/epidemiology , National Health Programs , Overweight/blood , Overweight/complications , Overweight/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Socioeconomic Factors
13.
J Bras Nefrol ; 33(3): 313-21, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22042348

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is a worldwide public health problem and one of the major risk factors for chronic kidney disease development. METHODS: In order to compare the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation with serum creatinine and 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCl) for the screening of reduced renal function, a cross-sectional study of 198 hypertensive patients was undertaken at a basic health unit. The demographic, nutritional, and clinical laboratory data were analyzed. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine and 24hour CrCl. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was also estimated according to Cockcroft-Gault equation. RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 60.6 ± 11.6 years-old, and 73.7% were female. The prevalence of serum creatinine > 1.2 mg/dL was 7.6% and the prevalence of GFR < 60 mL/minute was 24.2%, when evaluated by the CrCl and CG equation. Reduced GFR was observed in older male patients, with lower body mass index, normal values of fasting blood glucose, and higher levels of serum uric acid and of systolic blood pressure. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of decreased renal function among hypertensive patients varies considerably, depending on the laboratory investigation used. CG-estimated CrCl has shown to be more accurate than serum creatinine for assessing GFR. CONCLUSIONS: CG-estimated CrCl was highly similar to 24-hour CrCl, proving to be a reliable primary care screening test for the early diagnosis of renal impairment in hypertensives.


Subject(s)
Hypertension/blood , Hypertension/physiopathology , Kidney Function Tests/methods , Kidney/physiopathology , Creatinine/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
14.
J. bras. nefrol ; 33(3): 313-321, jul.-set. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604361

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial é um problema de saúde pública mundial e um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença renal crônica. MÉTODOS: Com a finalidade de comparar a equação Cockcroft-Gault com a creatinina sérica e o clearance de creatinina (ClCr) na triagem de função renal reduzida, realizouse um estudo transversal com 198 hipertensos de uma unidade básica de saúde. Foram analisados dados demográficos, nutricionais e clínico-laboratoriais. A função renal foi analisada pela creatinina sérica e pelo ClCr em urina de 24 horas. A taxa de filtração glomerular foi também estimada segundo a equação Cockcroft-Gault. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram idade média de 60,6 ± 11,6 anos, e 73,7 por cento eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de creatinina sérica > 1,2 mg/dL foi de 7,6 por cento e da taxa de filtração glomerular < 60 mL/ minutos foi de 24,2 por cento, quando avaliadas pelo ClCr e pela equação Cockcroft-Gault. A filtração glomerular reduzida foi observada em homens mais velhos, com menor índice de massa corporal, valores normais de glicemia de jejum e maiores níveis de ácido úrico e pressão arterial sistólica. DISCUSSÃO: A prevalência de função renal reduzida entre hipertensos varia consideravelmente dependendo da abordagem laboratorial utilizada. O clearance de creatinina, principalmente quando estimado pela equação de Cockcroft-Gault, mostrou ser um marcador mais acurado que a creatinina sérica na avaliação da taxa de filtração glomerular. CONCLUSÕES: A equação Cockcroft-Gault apresentou maior concordância com o clearance de creatinina, provando ser um confiável teste de triagem para o diagnóstico precoce e manejo de hipertensos com função renal reduzida na atenção básica.


INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is a worldwide public health problem and one of the major risk factors for chronic kidney disease development. METHODS: In order to compare the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation with serum creatinine and 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCl) for the screening of reduced renal function, a cross-sectional study of 198 hypertensive patients was undertaken at a basic health unit. The demographic, nutritional, and clinical laboratory data were analyzed. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine and 24hour CrCl. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was also estimated according to Cockcroft-Gault equation. RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 60.6 ± 11.6 years-old, and 73.7 percent were female. The prevalence of serum creatinine > 1.2 mg/dL was 7.6 percent and the prevalence of GFR < 60 mL/minute was 24.2 percent, when evaluated by the CrCl and CG equation. Reduced GFR was observed in older male patients, with lower body mass index, normal values of fasting blood glucose, and higher levels of serum uric acid and of systolic blood pressure. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of decreased renal function among hypertensive patients varies considerably, depending on the laboratory investigation used. CG-estimated CrCl has shown to be more accurate than serum creatinine for assessing GFR. CONCLUSIONS: CG-estimated CrCl was highly similar to 24-hour CrCl, proving to be a reliable primary care screening test for the early diagnosis of renal impairment in hypertensives.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hypertension/blood , Hypertension/physiopathology , Kidney Function Tests/methods , Kidney/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Creatinine/blood
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(6): 779-787, jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550684

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: No Brasil, a hipertensão arterial (HA) constitui-se um dos principais fatores de risco para doença renal crônica (DRC). Recomenda-se o monitoramento da filtração glomerular (FG) para avaliação da função renal em hipertensos, posto que sua redução precede o aparecimento de sintomas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a FG e fatores associados em hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal no período de janeiro a junho de 2008, com 297 hipertensos com ou sem diabete melito (DM) tratados em uma unidade básica de saúde em São Luís-MA. Foram incluídos pacientes >20 anos e de ambos os sexos. Avaliaram-se dados sociodemográficos, estado nutricional, FG e microalbuminúria em urina de 24h, controle pressórico e glicêmico, creatinina sérica e lipidograma. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi 60,6 × 11,5 anos com predomínio do sexo feminino (75,1 por cento), sobrepeso/obesidade (65,0 por cento) e circunferência da cintura elevada (60,6 por cento). A prevalência de FG < 60 ml/min foi 24,6 por cento no grupo HA sem DM e 18,3 por cento no HA com DM, sem diferença significante. Para o grupo HA sem DM houve associação apenas da FG reduzida com idade > 65 anos, que permaneceu após ajustamento. Para o grupo HA com DM houve associação da redução da FG com idade > 65 anos, tabagismo e obesidade, porém, após ajustamento, permaneceram idade e tabagismo. CONCLUSÃO: Nestes pacientes, a prevalência de FG < 60 ml/min foi elevada e, após ajustamento, apenas idade > 65 anos e tabagismo apresentaram-se como fatores associados à FG. Isto reforça a necessidade da avaliação sistemática da FG em hipertensos visando a prevenção secundária da doença renal crônica.


BACKGROUND: In Brazil, arterial hypertension (AH) constitutes one of the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The monitoring of glomerular filtration (GF) is recommended for the assessment of kidney function in hypertensive individuals, as GF decrease precedes symptom onset. OBJECTIVE: To assess GF and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to June 2008 in 297 individuals with arterial hypertension (AH) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM), treated at a primary care facility in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. Patients older than 20 years and of both sexes were included in the study. Sociodemographic and nutritional status data, GF rate and microalbuminuria levels in 24-hour urine were assessed, as well as blood pressure, glucose and serum creatinine levels and a lipidogram. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.6 × 11.5 years, with a predominance of the female sex (75.1 percent), overweight/obesity (65.0 percent) and large waist circumference (60.6 percent). The prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was 24.6 percent in the AH group without DM and 18.3 percent in the AH group with DM, with no significant difference. For the AH group without DM, there was an association only between reduced GF and age > 65 years, which remained after adjustment. For the AH group with DM, there was an association between reduced GF and age > 65 years, smoking habit and obesity. However, after the adjustment, age and smoking habit remained as associated factors. CONCLUSION: In these patients, the prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was high and after the adjustment, only age > 65 years and smoking habit were shown to be factors associated to GF. This reinforces the need to systematically evaluate GF in hypertensive individuals, aiming at the secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Hypertension/complications , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Anthropometry , Brazil/epidemiology , Creatinine/urine , Diabetes Complications , Epidemiologic Factors , Hypertension/epidemiology , Kidney/metabolism , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors
16.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 94(6): 779-87, 2010 Jun.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20379615

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, arterial hypertension (AH) constitutes one of the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The monitoring of glomerular filtration (GF) is recommended for the assessment of kidney function in hypertensive individuals, as GF decrease precedes symptom onset. OBJECTIVE: To assess GF and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to June 2008 in 297 individuals with arterial hypertension (AH) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM), treated at a primary care facility in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. Patients older than 20 years and of both sexes were included in the study. Sociodemographic and nutritional status data, GF rate and microalbuminuria levels in 24-hour urine were assessed, as well as blood pressure, glucose and serum creatinine levels and a lipidogram. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.6 x 11.5 years, with a predominance of the female sex (75.1%), overweight/obesity (65.0%) and large waist circumference (60.6%). The prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was 24.6% in the AH group without DM and 18.3% in the AH group with DM, with no significant difference. For the AH group without DM, there was an association only between reduced GF and age > 65 years, which remained after adjustment. For the AH group with DM, there was an association between reduced GF and age > 65 years, smoking habit and obesity. However, after the adjustment, age and smoking habit remained as associated factors. CONCLUSION: In these patients, the prevalence of GF < 60 ml/min was high and after the adjustment, only age > 65 years and smoking habit were shown to be factors associated to GF. This reinforces the need to systematically evaluate GF in hypertensive individuals, aiming at the secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease.


Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Hypertension/complications , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Aged , Anthropometry , Brazil/epidemiology , Creatinine/urine , Diabetes Complications , Epidemiologic Factors , Female , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Kidney/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors
17.
Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc ; 24(3): 297-304, 2009.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20011874

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and the clinical outcome of patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting who progressed with Acute Renal Failure (ARF). METHODS: A retrospective cohort prospective study was performed from data of 186 patients undergone surgery from January 2003 through June 2006. The stored data were analyzed using the software STATA 9.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of ARF was of 30.6% (57/186). In 7.0% (4/57) dialysis therapy was needed. The mean age of patients with and without ARF progression was 62.8 (+/-9.4) years and 61.3 (+/-8.8) years respectively (P=NS). CPB time >115 min (p= 0.011) and cross-clamp time >85 min (p=0.044) were related to ARF by the univariate analysis. The need for intra-aortic balloon (P= 0.049), mechanical ventilation >24h (P = 0.006), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay > three days (P< 0.0001), bradycardia (P= 0.002), hypotension (P= 0.045), arrhythmia (P=0.005) and inotropic infusion (P= 0.0001) were higher in the ARF group. Only the ICU stay longer > 3 days showed statistical correlation with ARF by the multivariate analysis (P=0.018). The mortality rate with and without ARF was 8.8% (five cases) and 0.8% (one case) respectively (P=0.016), but it reached 50% (2/4) in dialytic patients. CONCLUSION: ARF was a frequent and severe postoperative complication associated with higher mortality and longer ICU stay, which presented as risk factors: longer CPB and cross-clamp times, mechanical ventilation > 24h and hemodynamic instability.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , Coronary Artery Bypass , Postoperative Complications , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology
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