ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess pharmacist readiness to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients through measuring both pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards transgender patients, (2) to assess transgender patients' perception of pharmacist readiness to provide them pharmaceutical care through measuring both pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes toward them, and (3) to compare pharmacist readiness to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients and patient perception of this readiness. DESIGN: The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The pharmacist's readiness and the transgender patient's perception of their readiness, defined as a combination of knowledge and attitude, were evaluated. Two separate, validated questionnaires with dichotomous, multiple choice, and open-ended questions were used to measure both constructs among both populations. SETTING: Community-based research. PARTICIPANTS: Pharmacists practicing in Puerto Rico were provided the questionnaire by e-mail or in person. Transgender participants in Puerto Rico were recruited through health clinics and community partners and were surveyed in person. The analysis included responses from 96 pharmacists and 31 transgender participants. RESULTS: The majority of the pharmacists' knowledge scores (90%) were found in the low (0-5) and moderate (6-10) ranges, with a mean score of 7.23 out of a total possible score of 16 (SD ±2.36). For the attitude construct, most of the scores (81%) were found in the high (18-26) range, with a mean score of 19.63 out of a total possible score of 26 (SD ±3.65). For both constructs, transgender patient perceptions echoed the results of the pharmacists, indicating several perceived knowledge deficits in combination with mostly positive attitudes. CONCLUSION: The majority of pharmacists demonstrated positive attitudes toward caring for transgender patients, and transgender patients also perceived these positive attitudes from pharmacists. However, the measured and perceived knowledge deficits observed in this study suggest the need for educational interventions to improve pharmacist readiness to provide care for transgender patients.