Subject(s)
Gagging/prevention & control , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Fiber Optic Technology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/drug effects , Humans , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Nerve Block/methods , WakefulnessABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We examined the effects of preoperative administration of enoxaparin (ENOX), a low-molecular-weight heparin, on bleeding indices and transfusion rates in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Patients undergoing isolated CABG between 1997 and 2002 who received preoperative ENOX or a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) were randomly divided into three groups: continuous UFH, ENOX last administered more than 12 hours before surgery (ENOX > 12), and ENOX administered less than 12 hours before surgery (ENOX < 12). Perioperative hemoglobin values, transfusion rates, and bleeding complications were compared. RESULTS: A total of 69, 58, and 34 patients comprised the UFH, ENOX > 12, and ENOX < 12 groups, respectively. Preoperative demographics and hematologic data were similar among the groups. Compared with the UFH group, the ENOX < 12 group had significantly lower postoperative hemoglobin values (9.6 +/- 1.3 g/dL versus 10.4 +/- 1.2 g/dL, p < 0.05), higher transfusion rates (73.5% versus 50.7%, p < 0.05), and required more total packed red cells per patient (882 +/- 809 mL versus 472 +/- 626 mL, p < 0.05). A nonsignificant increase was noted in the risk of returning to the operating room for bleeding in patients who had received ENOX compared with patients receiving UFH (6.5% versus 2.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative use of ENOX less than 12 hours before CABG is associated with lower postoperative hemoglobin values and higher rates of transfusion than continuous UFH.
