A Novel Three-Dimensional-Printed Ultrasound-Guided Hip Arthrocentesis Model.

When evaluating patients with hip pain, clinicians may be trained to both evaluate for a hip effusion and perform ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis to evaluate the etiology of the effusion. We present a novel 3-dimensional-printed hip arthrocentesis model, which can be used to train clinicians to perform both tasks under ultrasound guidance. Our model uses a combination of a 3-dimensional-printed hip joint, as well as readily available materials such as an infant Ambu (Ballerup, Denmark) bag, syringe, intravenous line kit, and silicone. We present our experience so that others may use and adapt our model for their training purposes.

Coronary artery ostial atresia: diagnosis of conotruncal anastomotic collateral rings using CT angiography.

In this paper we discuss 2 unprecedented examples of coronary ostial atresia in adults. The first case documents a case of left main ostial agenesis with intercoronary communication through a retroaortic Kugel anastomotic collateral. The second case describes a right coronary artery (RCA) ostial agenesis with a preconal intercoronary anastomosis in association with supravalvular pulmonary stenosis. While atresia of the left coronary artery ostium is a rare anatomic variant of the coronary circulation, atresia of the right coronary ostium is exceedingly rare and not reported in adults (1). Correlative images of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) using a 64-slice multidetector computed tomography and coronary catheterization angiograms are presented for both cases, and the arterial collateral pathways between the proximal right and left coronary systems are discussed. We also reviewed the differences between congenital and developmental forms of abnormalities.

Overlooked diseases of the vagina: a directed anatomic-pathologic approach for imaging assessment.

The vagina can easily be overlooked at ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed for nongynecologic indications. Even when gynecologic disease is suspected, the vagina may be underevaluated at routine pelvic US due to probe positioning and at CT due to poor vaginal tissue characterization. Although MR imaging offers excellent tissue characterization, radiologists must focus on the vaginal area to recognize any incidental findings. A directed anatomic-pathologic approach to assessing the vagina at US, CT, and MR imaging is recommended so that pertinent findings are not missed. This approach requires a knowledge of the anatomy and embryologic development of the vagina, as well as an understanding of congenital, developmental, and postoperative vaginal disease entities. In addition, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality with respect to vaginal assessment. By remembering to "look beyond" the uterus and cervix to the vagina, radiologists can improve their perception and interpretation of vaginal anatomy and disease.