[Cellular metabolism in nasal lining and buccal epithelium in coal miners].

The authors used cytoche mical methods to study functions of cells in nasal lining,buccal epithelium and peripheral blood of coal miners suffering from anthracosilicosis stage I. Findings were lower activity of ATPase, increased activity of acid phosphatase with partial and complete diffusion of products, higher levels of phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans and glycogen in comparison with those in apparently healthy individuals. These tests are expedient for diagnosis of anthracosilicosis at early stages in miners.

[The cytological status of the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium in coal miners].

Sixty-four persons were examined. The examination was undertaken to study the cytomophological parameters of the cells of the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium in coal miners. Group 1 consisted of 18 donors without contact with industrial dust; Group 2 comprised 24 apparently healthy miners; Group 3 included 22 workers (drift miners) with Stage 1 anthracosilicosis, grade 1 respiratory failure. The patients with Stage 1 anthracosilicosis had noticeably worse morphofunctional characteristics of the epithelium that displayed extensive fields with pronounced structural changes, such as destruction and desquamation of the integumentary epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Nasal mucosal atrophic changes were observed in 50% of the examined miners. Examination of the buccal epithelium in apparently healthy miners (code 0) and in workers with Stage I anthracosilicosis revealed the increased proportion of microfloral (Streptococcus) contamination by 79% and 3.7 times, respectively.

[Dependence of bronchial obstruction development on morphometric changes in upper respiratory tract and on nitrogen oxide synthesis in chronic dust bronchitis]. / Zavisimost' razvitiia bronkhial'noi obstruktsii ot morfometricheskikh izmenenii verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei i sinteza oksida azota pri khronicheskom pylevom bronkhite.

Dependence bronchial obstruction development on morphometric and metabolic changes in upper respiratory tract was revealed in chronic dust bronchitis patients. As a result, the authors proved pathogenetic mechanisms underlying antioxidant and bronchodilation effects of nitrogen oxide and their correlation with reparation and phagocytic changes seen in rhinocytogram examination.

[The informative value of biochemical and cytochemical markers in laboratory animals during field tests]. / Informativnost' biokhimicheskikh i tsitokhimicheskikh markerov u laboratornykh zhivotnykh pri naturnykh issledovaniiakh.

Field tests (delivery of animals to differently polluted areas having) were carried out. The criterial significance of biochemical and cytochemical tests of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the animals was defined. The biochemical tests revealed significant changes in total protein, cholesterol, phospholipids, phospholipase A, histamine, serotonin, and others, which indicates metabolic dysfunction in BAL. The findings suggest that the lysosomal cell membranes are disorganized and the permeability of cell mitochondrial membranes is impaired. Thus, analyzing the findings makes it possible to identify the key links of damages and to define the true significance of environmental factors in realizing the mechanisms of pulmonary preabnormality.

[Parameters of oxidative metabolism, neuro-humoral and hormonal regulation in the condensed exhaled air in early stages of anthracosilicosis]. / Pokazateli okislitel'nogo metabolizma, neirogumoral'noi i gormonal'noi reguliatsii v kondensate vydykhaemogo vozdukha pri rannikh stadiiakh antrakosilikoza.

For early diagnosis of anthracosilicosis, the authors studied oxidation parameters, neuromediators and hormones in expired air condensate in coal miners. Premorbid stage of anthracosilicosis is characterized by activated lipids peroxidation, high levels of neuromediators (acetylcholine, catecholamines), tissue hormones (histamine, serotonine) and lower contents of adaptive hormones (cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine).