ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) and its predictors among diabetic pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional conducted between January to August 2022. METHODS: In the present study, 250 diabetic pregnant women from Qazvin province participated. Demographic and fertility characteristics, FoH, adherence to treatment, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression were assessed. Data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 31.02 years (SD=4.72). The FoH mean score was 32.88 (out of 72). Based on the multivariable linear regression model, having a history of hypoglycemia (ß = 0.44, p < 0.001), lower education (ß = 0.17, p = 0.001), being treated with insulin (ß = 0.22, p < 0.001), being treated with both insulin and diet (ß = 0.16 p = 0.003), being of younger age (ß = -0.13, p = 0.008), and depression (ß = 0.16, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of FoH among pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Diabetic pregnant women experience FoH, particularly those with a history of hypoglycemia. Therefore, providing education and counseling concerning hypoglycemia, complications, and necessary measures for this group of diabetic pregnant women are needed along with those who are younger, less educated, and have comorbid mental health conditions.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Hypoglycemia , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Pregnant Women , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypoglycemia/chemically induced , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Fear/psychology , Insulin/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The fear of hypoglycemia leads to psychological symptoms in patients with diabetes type 2. In this research, the effects of EDMR on the fear of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes type 2 were examined. METHODS: A clinical trial study was carried out with participation of 72 patients who had diabetes type 2 in Velayat Hospital. The participants were randomly assigned into control and intervention groups. The intervention group received EMDR. The required information was gleaned using a questionnaire of fear of hypoglycemia, intensity of hypoglycemia, and demographics filled out before the intervention, and 1 month and 3 months after it. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics on SPSS Version 23. For comparison of fear of hypoglycemia in intervention and control groups, repeated measure ANOVA and Cohen d test were used. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants in the intervention group was 43.17 ± 10.55 and in the control group was 45.86 ± 13.6. In this study, without considering the potential disruptors in the incorrect model, the intervention caused a reduction of 15 points 1 month after the completion of the intervention and a reduction of 17 points 3 month after the completion of the intervention on the scale of fear of hypoglycemia; but post-correction of potential disruptors, intervention caused a reduction of 19.5 scores 1 month after the completion and a reduction of 20.3 scores 3 months after the intervention . CONCLUSIONS: The EMDR can be used as a non-pharmaceutical treatment method to treat and alleviate the fear of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20181201041813N1 , 2019/11/13.
