ABSTRACT
The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of cricoarytenoid (CA) joint preservation versus disarticulation on rima glottidis (RG) area with the epiglottis open and closed under both low and high suture tension. Canine cadaver larynges were used. A unilateral arytenoid lateralization (UAL) was performed with low or high suture tension and with the CA joint preserved or disarticulated. Rima glottidis area was measured with the epiglottis in an open and closed position. Results indicated that RG area was increased over baseline when UAL was performed with both low and high suture tension when the epiglottis was in an open position. High suture tension resulted in a greater increase in RG area compared to low suture tension, both when the CA was preserved and disarticulated. There was no difference in RG area when the CA was disarticulated versus preserved at either suture tension. Rima glottidis area was not significantly increased over baseline when the epiglottis was in a closed position except in the group with CA joint preservation and high suture tension. Although this study suggests that UAL can be performed with or without CA disarticulation, further studies are warranted before UAL without CA disarticulation can be recommended clinically.
Subject(s)
Arytenoid Cartilage/surgery , Dog Diseases/surgery , Suture Techniques/veterinary , Animals , Cricoid Cartilage/surgery , Dogs , Epiglottis/surgery , Suture Anchors/veterinaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report a standardized method of, and determine inter- and intratester reliability for, anthropometric assessment of limb circumference in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective blinded study. ANIMALS: Labrador Retrievers (n = 20). METHOD: Unsedated dogs were manually restrained in lateral recumbency and triplicate measurements of limb circumference at the level of the proximal antebrachium, mid brachium, proximal crus, and mid-thigh were made using the Gulick II tape measure in the morning and afternoon of the same day. Observers were blinded to measurements made during each occasion and those made by co-observers. Estimates of inter- and intratester reliability were made for first and mean measurements using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: Measurements of the proximal antebrachium were made with moderate to fair intratester reliability by all observers with ICC's ranging from 0.68-0.78 (1st measurement) and 0.67-0.78 (mean measurement), and moderate to fair intertester reliability with ICC's of 0.66-0.68 (1st measurement) and 0.70-0.72 (mean measurement). Measurements of the brachium, crus, and thigh typically had poor inter- and intratester reliability, ICC < 0.5. CONCLUSION: Using the described method of muscle measurement in Labrador Retrievers only measurement of the proximal antebrachium was reliable; a single (1st) measurement was as reliable as using the mean of triplicate measurements.
Subject(s)
Dogs/anatomy & histology , Extremities/anatomy & histology , Animals , Female , Forelimb/anatomy & histology , Hindlimb/anatomy & histology , Male , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Anomalies of conotruncal septation are rare in dogs and uncommon in humans. Congenital conotruncal defects most commonly reported in veterinary medicine include aorto-pulmonary window and persistent truncus arteriosus. We report a case of an anomalous vessel connecting the ascending aorta to the right pulmonary artery causing left-to-right shunting, left-sided volume overload, and pulmonary overcirculation. Transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography assisted in the diagnosis and facilitated the surgical correction of the anomalous vessel. The authors hypothesize this defect represents an unusual anomalous vessel connecting the ascending aorta to the right pulmonary artery.
Subject(s)
Aorta/abnormalities , Arterio-Arterial Fistula/veterinary , Dogs/abnormalities , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Animals , FemaleSubject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Foreign Bodies/veterinary , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/veterinary , Pericardium , Peritoneal Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dogs , Fatal Outcome , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnostic imaging , Male , Peritoneal Diseases/diagnosis , Peritoneal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Abdominal/veterinaryABSTRACT
Dogs and cats that had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube or surgically placed gastrostomy (SPG) tube inserted were retrospectively analyzed to compare complication rates and the severity of complications. Complication rates and severity scores were not significantly different when the PEG tube group was compared to the SPG tube group in either dogs or cats. Only when data from dogs and cats were combined did PEG tubes have a significantly higher complication rate and significantly greater complication severity scores.
Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/veterinary , Enteral Nutrition/veterinary , Gastrostomy/veterinary , Postoperative Complications/veterinary , Animals , Cat Diseases/therapy , Cats , Dog Diseases/therapy , Dogs , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Female , Gastrostomy/adverse effects , Gastrostomy/methods , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/methods , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/veterinary , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A 10-year-old, spayed female Dalmatian was diagnosed with granulomatous urethritis causing urethral obstruction. Due to the extensive involvement of the urethra, a urethrostomy was not possible. A commercially available, silicone, low-profile gastrostomy tube was placed as a prepubic cystostomy tube to achieve urinary diversion. This tube is easy to use, has a one-way valve, and lies flush with the skin margin, thereby decreasing the likelihood of inadvertent removal. This tube should be considered to achieve long-term urinary diversion when urethral involvement is extensive.
