Development of a flow-through system for the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The acute fish test is still a mandatory component in chemical hazard and risk assessment. However, one of the objectives of the new European chemicals policy (REACH - Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) is to promote non-animal testing. For whole effluent testing in Germany, the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been an accepted and mandatory replacement of the fish test since January 2005. For chemical testing, however, further optimization of the FET is required to improve the correlation between the acute fish test and the alternative FET. Since adsorption of the test chemical to surfaces may reduce available exposure concentrations, a flow-through system for the FET using modified commercially available polystyrene 24-well microtiter plates was developed, thus combining the advantages of the standard FET with those of continuous delivery of test substances. The advantages of the design presented include: small test footprint, availability of adequate volumes of test solution for subsequent chemical analysis, and sufficient flow to compensate for effects of non-specific adsorption within 24h. The flow-through test system can also be utilized to conduct longer-term embryo larval fish tests, thus offering the possibility for teratogenicity testing.

Lipoescultura no tumescente / Non tumescent liposculpture

En este trabajo, debido a los serios cuestionamientos que tenemos con el "dogma" de la "Tumescencia" como requisito para hacer la liposucción convencional, planteamos como alternativa una nueva técnica denominada por nosotros "lipoescultura no tumescente" que se basa en dos principios: 1) uso de solución vasoconstrictora 2A, 2) Técnica de infiltración suprafascial. Nuestro trabajo es de tipo prospectivo y es el producto de 18 meses de observación, análisis y puesta en marcha de una hipótesis que finalmente confirmó nuestras sospechas: reducción muy importante de los riesgos de una lipoescultura, resultados estéticos de mejor calidad y convicción de lo innecesario y poco racional que, a nuestro juicio, resulta la tumescencia en la lipoescultura; por lo tanto creemos que su vigencia está seriamente cuestionada en estos momentos. Sin embargo debemos reconocer la importancia que tuvo en tanto no hubo un cuestionamiento serio y una alternativa razonable (AU)

In this work, due to the serious questions that we have with the "dogma" of "Tumescencia" as a requirement to make the conventional liposuction, we suggest as an alternative a new technique named by us "non tumescent liposcultpture", based in two principles: 1) use of solution 2A, 2) suprafascial infiltration. Our work is prospective and it is the result of 18 months observation, analysis and development of a hypothesis that has finally confirmed our suspicions: very important reduction of the risks of a liposculture, aesthetic results of better quality and the conviction about how unnecessary and not very rational "tumescencia" can be in the liposculture; therefore we believe that its validity is seriously questioned now, however we should recognize the importance that it had as long as there were not serious questions nor a reasonable alternative (AU)