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1.
Med. paliat ; 16(3): 178-186, mayo-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-76811

ABSTRACT

Los cuidados paliativos (CP) y el tratamiento del dolor (TD) son elementos esenciales para mejorar o mantener la calidad de vida de muchos enfermos afectados por procesos incurables, crónicos o terminales. Su necesidad se acentúa en países con bajos y medianos recursos donde la incidencia del cáncer y de otras enfermedades como el sida va en aumento con una alta proporción de pacientes diagnosticados en fase avanzada y con un muy difícil acceso a un CP o TD adecuado a pesar de que son la única alternativa realista y humana al abandono que sufren la gran mayoría de estos enfermos. Además el perfil epidemiológico de muchos países del sur está cambiando con un aumento de enfermedades crónicas y el acceso a niveles más altos de cobertura de antirretrovirales. Para modificar esta situación, los CP y el TD deben ser incorporados por los gobiernos a sus sistemas de salud. Es también necesario que estos sean considerados una forma más de cooperación internacional. Se revisan diversos aspectos para una mayor colaboración sanitaria española en este campo con Latinoamérica y África y se sugieren vías para hacerlo a distintos niveles institucionales y asociativos (AU)


Palliative Care (PC) and pain management (PM) are key elements for improved or sustained quality of life in many patients suffering from incurable, chronic, or end-stage conditions. Their need is more critical in low- and mid-resource countries where the incidence of cancer and other diseases such as AIDS is on the rise, with a high percentage of patients diagnosed in advanced stages, and with a difficult access to adequate PC and PM despite they are the only realistic, humane option to relieve the high levels of neglect seen in a great majority of these individuals. Also, the epidemiological profile of many Southern countries is changing, with an increase in chronic conditions and access to higher antiretroviral coverage levels. To modify this situation PC and PM must be incorporated by governments into their healthcare systems. It is also necessary that PC and PM be considered an additional means of international cooperation. The various aspects required for greater Spanish cooperation with LatinAmerica and Africa in this field are reviewed, and ways towards this end are suggested at various institutional and associational levels (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/methods , International Cooperation , Pain/therapy
2.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 16(4): 246-255, mayo 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73829

ABSTRACT

Los cuidados paliativos (CP) y el tratamiento del dolor (TD) son elementos esenciales para mejorar o mantener la calidad de vida de muchos enfermos afectados por procesos incurables, crónicos o terminales. Su necesidad se acentúa en países con bajos y medianos recursos donde la incidencia del cáncer y de otras enfermedades como el sida va en aumento, con una alta proporción de pacientes diagnosticados en fase avanzada y con un muy difícil acceso a unos CP o TD adecuados, a pesar de que son la única alternativa realista y humana al abandono que sufren la gran mayoría de estos enfermos. Además el perfil epidemiológico de muchos países del sur está cambiando con un aumento de enfermedades crónicas y el acceso a niveles más altos de cobertura de antirretrovirales. Para modificar esta situación, los gobiernos deben incorporar los CP y el TD en sus sistemas de salud. También es necesario que éstos se consideren una forma más de cooperación internacional. Se revisan diversos aspectos para una mayor colaboración sanitaria española en este campo con Latinoamérica y África, y se sugieren vías para hacerlo a distintos niveles institucionales y asociativos (AU)


Palliative care and pain treatment are essential to improve or maintain quality of life in many patients with incurable, chronic or terminal diseases. The need for palliative careis more pressing in countries with scarce or medium resources and where the incidence of cancer and other diseases such as AIDS is increasing. In these countries, a high proportion of patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease and access to appropriate palliative care and pain treatment is difficult, even though these options are the only realistic and human alternatives to the abandonment experienced by most of these patients. Moreover, the epidemiological profile of many southern countries is changing, with an increase of chronic diseases and access to higher levels of antiretroviral coverage. To modify this situation, governments should incorporate palliative care and pain treatment in their health systems and these options should also be seen as one more form of international cooperation. The present article reviews several factors required for greater healthcare collaboration between Spain and Latin America and Africa and suggests ways to achieve this collaboration through distinct institutions and associations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/methods , Pain/drug therapy , Analgesia/trends , Analgesics/therapeutic use , International Cooperation , Neoplasms/complications
3.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol ; 36(1): 39-43, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18810518

ABSTRACT

A comparison of fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.9) production by Aureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524 in batch and two step batch cultures was investigated in a 1-l stirred tank reactor using a sucrose supply of 200 g/l. Results showed that the innovative cultivation in two step of Aureobasidium sp. produced more fructosyltransferase (FFase) than the single batch culture at the same sucrose concentration with a maximal enzyme production of 523 U/ml, which was 80.5% higher than the one obtained in the batch culture. The production of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) was also analyzed; their concentration reached a maximum value of 160 g/l the first day in the two-step culture and 127 g/l in the single-batch mode. The use of the two-step batch culture with Aureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524 in allowing the microorganism to grow up prior to the induction of sucrose (second step), proved to be a powerful method for producing fructosyltransferase and FOSs.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/enzymology , Bioreactors/microbiology , Culture Techniques/methods , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Hexosyltransferases/metabolism , Ascomycota/chemistry , Fermentation , Fungal Proteins/chemistry , Hexosyltransferases/chemistry , Kinetics
4.
Med. paliat ; 13(2): 94-99, feb. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047771

ABSTRACT

Introducción: no hay muchos datos disponibles que permitan establecer una guía clínica contrastada sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ascitis maligna. Es preciso para ello extrapolar la información disponible del diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ascitis no maligna. Objetivo: establecer unas recomendaciones en relación a la evidencia disponible sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ascitis maligna. Emplazamiento: unidad de cuidados paliativos de tercer nivel, Tenerife. Diseño: revisión de la evidencia empírica disponible. Búsqueda de la información en MEDLINE, 1990-2004, mediante las palabras «peritoneal efusión», «malignant ascites», «ascites diagnoses» y «ascites treatment» cruzadas con «palliative care» y «terminal cancer». Criterios de selección: todos los trabajos publicados en inglés y castellano sin criterios de exclusión. Se incluyeron estudios de cohortes, casos control, series de casos, revisiones sistemáticas, guías clínicas y guías generales. Variables valoradas: eficacia de los métodos diagnósticos y de los tratamientos. Resultados: el diagnóstico de la ascitis es fundamentalmente clínico. La ecografía abdominal sólo mejora el diagnóstico clínico en situaciones de ascitis tabicada, o semiología compatible con escasa extracción de líquido por paracentesis. El tratamiento descansa en el uso reiterado de paracentesis. Estas se realizarán si tratamiento concomitante con albúmina o expansores del plasma cuando no coexista una hipertensión portal. Los diuréticos sólo son eficaces cuando coexiste una hipertensión portal. Conclusiones: el grado de evidencia disponible sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ascitis maligna sólo alcanza el nivel IV de recomendación de expertos. En relación a él, pueden establecerse unas recomendaciones generales, sobre el uso de la paracentesis y de los diuréticos (AU)


Introduction: data available are not enough to establish clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant ascites. It is necessary therefore to extrapolate the information available on the diagnosis and treatment of non-malignant ascites. Objective: to establish recommendations related to the available evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of malignant ascites. Location: a third-level palliative care unit in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Design: a review of the available empiric evidence. Information search in MEDLINE for 1990-2004 by means of the following key words: «peritoneal effusion», «malignant ascites», «ascites diagnosis», «ascites treatment», «palliative care», «terminal cancer». Selection criteria: All reviews published in English and Spanish, with no criteria being excluded. They included cohort studies, case-control studies, case series, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and general guidelines. Variable rates: efficacy of diagnosis methods and treatments. Results: the diagnosis of ascites is essentially clinical. Abdominal ultrasounds only improve clinical diagnosis for «walled-up» ascites or cases of limited extraction by paracenthesis. Treatment is supported by a repeated use of paracenthesis. This will be achieved with no concomitant albumin or plasma expanders whenever there is no coexisting portal hypertension. The efficacy of diuretics is only demonstrated in cases of comorbid portal hypertension. Conclusions: the available evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant ascites only reaches level IV in expert recommendations. Because of this, general recommendations about the use of paracenthesis and diuretics may be established (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Ascites/diagnosis , Neoplasms/complications , Ascites/therapy , Palliative Care/methods , Paracentesis , Diuretics/therapeutic use
6.
Aten Primaria ; 23(4): 187-91, 1999 Mar 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10333601

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To find the views and attitudes of primary care professionals to the setting-up of a palliative treatments programme. DESIGN: A qualitative research study with discussion groups. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 60 primary care professionals, 30 doctors and 30 nurses, selected at random and placed in 6 discussion groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Collection and analysis of the views expressed in the discussion groups. The professionals saw as problems: poor communication between levels of care, inadequate organisation and communication within the primary care teams and difficulties in obtaining opiates at pharmacy offices. Lack of training was not seen as a problem. The care organisation models suggested varied from those based on the first care level to those exclusively dependent on specialist units. CONCLUSIONS: The proper development of palliative treatment is subject to various problems identified by the professionals. These have to be tackled before the programmes are set up.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Palliative Care , Primary Health Care , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Male , Morphine/therapeutic use , Nurses/psychology , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Physicians/psychology , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Random Allocation , Spain , Workforce
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