ABSTRACT
Purpose - to establish a relationship between the incidence and the prevalence of breast cancer and air emissions of pollutants in the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.A retrospective study of the database was carried out on the territory of the Aktobe region of Western Kazakhstan. The data were obtained from the Register of Oncological Diseases of the Aktobe Regional Cancer Center. Data on air emissions for 2014-2019 were obtained from the Annual Statistical Bulletin "Environmental statistics. On the state of protection of atmospheric air in Kazakhstan" of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Breast cancer ranks is first among the malignant oncological pathology of women in the Aktobe region in 2019 and is 20.5% (95% CI 19.6-21.4) of all cancer cases. The analysis shows that the incidence and prevalence of breast cancer in 2014-2019 continues to grow: incidents from 37.3 (2014) to 56.0 (2019) per 100,000 population, the growth rate is 8.3%; prevalence: from 274.0 (2014) to 344.8 (2019) per 100,000 population, the growth rate is 4.7%. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a strong direct relationship between benzene emissions and the incidence (r=0.8, p=0.027). A direct strong relationship was found between the prevalence of breast cancer and the amount of emissions into the atmosphere (r=0.8, p=0.027), carbon monoxide (r=0.9, p=0.037), nitrogen oxides (r=0.9, p=0.037), lead (r=0.8, p=0.021), hexavalent chromium (r=0.6, p=0.048), xylene (r=0.7, p=0.047), toluene (r=0.8, p=0.034), methanol (r=0.8, p=0.040), butyl acetate (r=0.7, p=0.046).The unfavorable environmental situation in the Aktobe region associated with the release of chemical pollutants and heavy metals can contribute to the development of cancer. The revealed correlation between the prevalence of breast cancer and the release of chemical elements into the atmosphere requires further study to determine risk factors for breast cancer in the region of Western Kazakhstan.
