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1.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 7633, 2023 05 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37165210

ABSTRACT

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the sexually transmitted diseases which have been implicated in the etiology of multiple cancers. To date, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the incidence of high-risk (HR) HPV in prostate cancer (PCa) which have generated widely conflicting data. Hence, this leaves a lack of awareness on the causal role of persistent HPV infection in the development of PCa. Although this has been investigated in a handful of countries, to the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have been conducted in the UK. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were implemented to analyze a total of 49 fresh prostate specimens (35 benign and 14 malignant specimens) for the presence of viral DNA of 12 HR-HPV types. Data obtained confirmed the presence of HR-HPV in 32.7% of analyzed benign and malignant prostate tissues with HPV 35 being identified as the most frequent type. Moreover, HR-HPV positivity rate was found to be higher in abnormal prostate tissues (adenocarcinoma and benign with prostatitis) compared those with normal prostate condition. Using immunohistochemistry, we have confirmed the expression of HPV E7 protein in prostate tissues positive for HPV DNA. This observation, the first reported from a UK population, suggests that the presence of HPV in prostate tissue is likely to be a related factor in the progression of certain cases of prostate cancer.


Subject(s)
Papillomavirus Infections , Prostatic Neoplasms , Male , Humans , Human Papillomavirus Viruses , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomaviridae/metabolism , DNA, Viral/analysis , United Kingdom/epidemiology
2.
Semin Cancer Biol ; 83: 152-165, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32858230

ABSTRACT

The global burden of breast cancer (BC) is increasing significantly. This trend is caused by several factors such as late diagnosis, limited treatment options for certain BC subtypes, drug resistance which all lead to poor clinical outcomes. Recent research has reported the role of epigenetic alterations in the mechanism of BC pathogenesis and its hallmarks include drug resistance and stemness features. The understanding of these modifications and their significance in the management of BC carcinogenesis is challenging and requires further attention. Nevertheless, it promises to provide novel insight needed for utilizing these alterations as potential diagnostic, prognostic markers, predict treatment efficacy, as well as therapeutic agents. This highlights the importance of continuing research development to further advance the existing knowledge on epigenetics and BC carcinogenesis to overcome the current challenges. Hence, this review aims to shed light and discuss the current state of epigenetics research in the diagnosis and management of BC.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Carcinogenesis , DNA Methylation , Epigenesis, Genetic , Epigenomics , Female , Humans
3.
Cancers (Basel) ; 12(6)2020 Jun 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32532107

ABSTRACT

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of human cancers. Studies investigating the presence of high-risk (HR) HPV in breast tissue have generated considerable controversy over its role as a potential risk factor for breast cancer (BC). This is the first investigation reporting the prevalence and type distribution of high-risk HPV infection in breast tissue in the population of Qatar. A prospective comparison blind research study herein reconnoitered the presence of twelve HR-HPV types' DNA using multiplex PCR by screening a total of 150 fresh breast tissue specimens. Data obtained shows that HR-HPV types were found in 10% of subjects with breast cancer; of which the presence of HPV was confirmed in 4/33 (12.12%) of invasive carcinomas. These findings, the first reported from the population of Qatar, suggest that the selective presence of HPV in breast tissue is likely to be a related factor in the progression of certain cases of breast cancer.

4.
Sci Rep ; 7: 43591, 2017 02 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28240743

ABSTRACT

Infection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been implicated in the aetiology of a variety of cancers. Studies evaluating the presence of HPVs in breast cancer (BC) have generated considerable controversy. To date, most studies have focused on the presence of viral DNA in BC; however there are important gaps in evidencing the role of HPV persistence in the invasiveness of BC. While these studies have been conducted in several countries, none, on the presence and biological activity of high risk (HR) HPV in BC has been done in the UK. Hence, we aimed to investigate these gaps by screening a total of 110 fresh breast tissue specimens from UK patients for the presence of twelve HR-HPV types DNA using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Samples positive for HPV-DNA were screened for viral oncoprotein expression using western blot and dot blot. Data obtained showed the presence of HR-HPVs in 42% of breast tissues of which the viral activity was only confirmed in a number of invasive carcinomas (5/26). This finding, the first to report in the UK, suggests that the selective expression of viral oncoprotein in invasive cases may propose a role for HR-HPVs in the development of some types of BC.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , DNA, Viral , Female , Genotype , Humans , Middle Aged , Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomaviridae/metabolism , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Sequence Analysis, DNA , United Kingdom/epidemiology
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