Interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Treatment and management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) includes physical activity, nutrition, and pharmacological management. Recently, the importance of reducing and breaking up sedentary behaviour has become recognized. This review aimed to summarize and synthesize the effectiveness of interventions in reducing and/or breaking up sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with T2D. A study protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42022357281) and a database search (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) was conducted on 16/09/2022 and updated on 03/01/2024. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and study quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk of Bias Tools. Twenty-eight articles were included in the review. The meta-analysis of short-term (Range: 3 hours- 4 days) sedentary behaviour interventions found significant improvement in continuous interstitial glucose measured for 24 hours after the sedentary behaviour intervention compared to control (SMD:-0.819,95%CI:-1.255,-0.383,p<0.001). Similarly, there was a significant improvement in postprandial interstitial glucose after the sedentary behaviour intervention compared to control (SMD:-0.347,95%CI:-0.584,-0.110,p = 0.004). Ten out of eleven longer-term (Range: 5 weeks- 3 years) sedentary behaviour interventions improved at least one measure of sedentary behaviour compared to control. Eight out of eight longer-term sedentary behaviour interventions improved at least one cardiometabolic biomarker compared to control. Reducing sedentary behaviour, independent of physical activity, can improve glycemic control in adults with T2D. Further, sedentary behaviour may be a feasible/ sustainable behaviour change.

Using a protection motivation theory framework to reduce vaping intention and behaviour in Canadian university students who regularely vape: A randomized controlled trial.

Using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), we examined the effect of threat appraisal information (perceived vulnerability-PV and perceived severity-PS) to reduce vaping intentions, and in turn reduce vaping use. Canadian university students (n = 77) who vape regularly were randomized to either PMT or attention control treatment conditions. Data were collected at baseline and 3 time points after the intervention: Day 7, Day 30, and Day 45. Participants assigned to the PMT group showed significant increases in PV, PS, and intentions to vape less (p ⩽ 0.05) compared to those in the attention control group. Less convincing evidence was found between treatment groups for vaping use. PS and PV predicted vaping intentions, whereas vaping intentions did not predict vaping use. It is suggested through this study that the threat appraisal components of PMT can be successfully manipulated to reduce the intentions to vape and to a lesser extent reduce vaping use among University vapers.