Epidemiology and survival of cervical cancer in Iran based on national cancer registry data (2008-2014).

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, associated with the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The CC incidence is low in Iran, ranking 11th among cancers. This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of CC and the reasons for its low survival rate based on the data retrieved from the Iranian National Cancer Registry System. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data for patients diagnosed with CC from 2008 to 2014 were collected and analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis based on epidemiological and clinical factors. Results: A total of 5,304 women were diagnosed from March 10, 2008 to March 9, 2014 and 2,423 patients were followed. The mean age of the cases was 51.91 years, and 65.91% were alive. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 58% and 50%, respectively, with no difference between younger cases with SCC or AC but better survival rates for older patients with SCC. Conclusions: As a preventable disease, CC is related to biological factors and geographical and sociodemographic indices. Geographical, cultural, and religious behaviors affect the CC incidence and survival. In Iran, the 5-year survival rate ranges from 34% to 70% among different geographic regions. Hence, effective screening based on cultural and sociodemographic issues is recommended.

Ten-Year Survival of Breast Cancer in Iran: A National Study (Retrospective Cohort Study).

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the 5- and 10-year survival rates of breast cancer in Iran. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in 2019 on breast cancer patients registered in the national cancer registry system of Iran during 2007-2014. The patients were contacted to collect their information and status (alive or dead). Age and pathological type of tumor were categorized into five groups, and the place of residence was divided into 13 regions. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 87,902 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer during the study, 22,307 of whom were followed-up. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of the patients were 80% and 69%, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 50.68 ± 12.76 years (median age, 49 years). About 2.3% of the patients were male. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 69% and 50% in men, respectively. The highest survival rate was reported in the age group of 40-49 years, and the lowest rate was found in the age group of ≥70 years. Of all pathological types, 88% were found in the invasive ductal carcinoma group; the highest survival rate was reported in the noninvasive carcinoma group. The highest survival rate was reported in the Tehran region and the lowest in the Hamedan region. Based on the results, the Cox proportional hazards model, sex, age group, and pathological type were statistically significant differences. Conclusion: This nationwide study performed on breast cancer patients indicated an improvement in the overall survival rate of these patients over the past years (the 5-year survival rate increased from 71% in 2011 to 80% in the present study), which might be attributed to advances in cancer management.

Survival of thyroid cancer and social determinants in Iran, 2001-2005.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system malignancy in the world, being the 7th most common cancer in females, 14th in males and 11th in both sexes in the Iranian population. The present study aimed to determine survival of thyroid cancers in Iran based on sex, age group, pathology and geographical location. METHODS: The patients selected for this study were 602 out of 5,759 cases listed in the cancer registry system between 2001 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival estimation and Cox's proportional hazard model for calculating hazard ratios according to demographic and risk variables. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 88.0%. There was a significant difference between survivals of the two sexes. The best and worst survival were in the age groups under 40 and over 60 years old, respectively. The best survival was for papillary type, with the anaplastic type demonstrating the worst survival. The best survival was in the southwest (Khuzestan) and the worst in the northwest (Azarbaijan). CONCLUSION: Size of young population and social determinants may be important effective elements for differences in survival, which should be taken more into consideration in managing chronic disease such as thyroid cancer.

Survival of colorectal cancer in Iran.

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer is the fourth cause of cancer after stomach, bladder, prostate in men and second cause after breast in women in Iran. It is estimated that 4,000 new cases occur each year with 1,150 deaths annually. The present study aimed to determine survival of colorectal cancers in Iran in a national manner. METHODS AND RESULTS: The data from national cancer registry department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH and ME) were used as the main source of incident colorectal cancer information in Iran from March 2000 to March 2005. One and five year survival proportions were 88% and 45% for females versus 86% and 39% for men. The median overall survival for colorectal cancer in Iran was 3.5 years with a 95 % confidence interval of 3.2-3.8 years. The worst survival status was found for patients less than 20 and more than 80 years old. CONCLUSION: The overall 5 year survival for colorectal cancer in Iran (41%) is comparable even with some developed countries but it is far from those with advanced health care systems, or community based screening programs. Thus at the policy level, application of an appropriate national cancer control program and management guidelines should be under consideration.