Subject(s)
Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza B virus/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Administration, Intranasal , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Russia/epidemiology , Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects , Vaccines, Combined/immunology , Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects , Vaccines, Inactivated/immunologyABSTRACT
The reactogenic properties of adsorbed DPT vaccine containing Bordetella pertussis cultures, grown by submerged cultivation, as the pertussis component were studied. The study revealed that the vaccine was low-reactogenic: no severe postvaccinal reactions were recorded in immunized children. The frequency and intensity of febrile and local reactions in children immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine under trial and the commercial preparation commonly used in the USSR were identical, but considerably less pronounced than in children immunized with foreign vaccines having similar composition.
Subject(s)
Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Tetanus Toxoid/immunology , Adsorption , Body Temperature/drug effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diphtheria Toxoid/adverse effects , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Drug Combinations/adverse effects , Drug Combinations/immunology , Humans , Hyperemia/epidemiology , Hyperemia/etiology , Infant , Pertussis Vaccine/adverse effects , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The results obtained in the study of the antigenic activity and epidemiological effectiveness of live parotitis vaccine prepared from strain L-3 are presented. Children aged 3-7 years were shown to react to the injection of this preparation by the moderate production of virus-neutralizing antibodies (the percentage of persons with antibody titers of 1:8 and higher increased from 26.5 to 64.4). The most intensive antibody production was stimulated by the vaccines containing 40,000 and 20,000 viral particles in 1 vaccination dose. In seropositive children no significant shift in the antibody content was observed irrespective of the batch of the vaccine used. During 1 1/2 years of observation the morbidity rate of epidemic parotitis among children immunized with live parotitis vaccine was 6.9 times lower than among the unvaccinated children in the same groups and 8.8 times lower than among the children used as external control. The effectiveness rate of the vaccine was on the average 85.4% and 88.6%. The vaccines containing 40,000 and 20,000 HADU50 were found to have greater epidemiological effectiveness, while the epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine containing 5,000 HADU50 was somewhat less. The effect of vaccination depended not only on the dose of the antigen and the initial state of the vaccines, but also on the extent of the coverage of children with vaccination in organized groups.
Subject(s)
Mumps Vaccine/immunology , Mumps/prevention & control , Vaccination , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Neutralization Tests , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The influence of 3 batches of live parotitis vaccine from strain L-3 on the organism of 2,536 vaccinated children of preschool and junior school age was studied. The injection of this preparation was shown to induce weak and moderate systemic reactions on the average in 0.8% of the children and local hyperemia of the skin in 7.8% of the children during the first 2-4 days. No severe reactions and complications were observed. Parotitis vaccine induced the weak specific and nonspecific allergic transformation of the organism, did not significantly increase the frequency of aberrant metaphases in the lymphocyte culture, did not essentially influence the frequency of intercurrent diseases at the proximate (21 days) and remote (1 year) periods after immunization, did not suppress the intensity of postvaccinal immunity to pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Though various batches of the vaccine showed no sharp differences in their influence on the organism, nevertheless postvaccinal reactions were found to be more frequent, and intercurrent diseases occurred more rarely in the children immunized with the batch containing 20,000 HADU50.
Subject(s)
Mumps Vaccine/adverse effects , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Aberrations , Fever/etiology , Humans , Hypersensitivity/etiology , Lymphocytes/ultrastructure , Mumps/complications , Mumps/prevention & control , Skin Diseases/etiology , Smallpox/complications , Smallpox/prevention & control , Smallpox Vaccine/adverse effects , VaccinationABSTRACT
Prophylactic activity and side action of antiinfluenza lactoglobulin were studied under conditions of controlled epidemiological trial in 6361 persons during the epidemiological rise of influenza incidence. The data obtained pointed to the absence of any protective effect of antiinfluenza lactoglobulin. Marked allergenic properties of lactoglobulin and development of sensitization in the persons under observation were found during the study of the side-effect of the preparation. Thus, the absence of prophylactic efficacy and the sensitizing action of antiinfluenza lactoglobulin pointed to the inexpediency of its use for prophylactic and therapeutic purpose.
Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Lactoglobulins/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Epidemiologic Methods , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Lactoglobulins/adverse effects , Moscow , Serum Sickness/epidemiology , Serum Sickness/etiologyABSTRACT
The main parameters (reactogenicity, harmlessness, immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy) of experimental batches of the inactivated influenza vaccine A, purified and concentrated on sodium-boron-silicate glass, were studied in strictly controlled epidemiological trial. In single subcutaneous injection in a dose of 0.5 ml (5120 hemagglutinating units) of the vaccine it was characterized by a moderate reactogenicity, marked antigenicity and prophylactic, efficacy.
Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Vaccination , Boron Compounds , Clinical Trials as Topic , Glass , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Methods , Silicic Acid , Sodium , Vaccination/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A total of 3 controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that aerosol chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinated subjects from the disease. Two other tests (1964 and 1965) assessing the effectivity of killed orally administered typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect expressed by an effectivity coefficient of 45%, fiducial limits being 8-70%. In the assessment of oral paratyphoid B vaccine, the difference in morbidity in the experimental and control groups was statistically insignificant due to a small number of cases of disease.
Subject(s)
Paratyphoid Fever/prevention & control , Typhoid Fever/prevention & control , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Aerosols , Child , Child, Preschool , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A total of 3 controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that aerosol chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinated subjects from the disease. Two other tests (1964 and 1965) assessing the effectivity of killed orally administered typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect expressed by an effectivity coefficient of 45%, fiducial limits being 8-70%. In the assessment of oral paratyphoid B vaccine, the difference in morbidity in the experimental and control groups was statistically insignificant due to a small number of cases of disease.
Subject(s)
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Aerosols , Child , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , USSRABSTRACT
The authors discuss the methodology and the method of formation of the medico-technical requirements to newly-elaborated or modified vaccine preparations. The following are considered among the principal parameters responsible for the formation of the quality of the vaccines: the prophylactic activity, the extent of the injurious effect, the technological and the exploitation properties. A close association of these parameters in the determination of the quality of the vaccine and the dependence of the efficacy of its use on the character of the epidemic situation was shown. A possibility of using the method of calculation of the efficacy of immunization for detection of the main (leading) parameters of the quality of the vaccine elaborated which should be used in composing the medico-technical requirements. It is emphasize that one of the principal directions of the investigations is the elaboration and the assessment of the correctness of the immunological and laboratory methods of standardization and control of the methods of objective measurement of the parameters forming the quality of the vaccine preparations.
