ABSTRACT
We explored if the disposition to react with aggression while alcohol intoxicated was moderated by polymorphic variants of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Twelve OXTR polymorphisms were genotyped in 116 Finnish men [aged 18-30, M = 22.7, standard deviation (SD) = 2.4] who were randomly assigned to an alcohol condition in which they received an alcohol dose of 0.7 g pure ethanol/kg body weight or a placebo condition. Aggressive behavior was measured using a laboratory paradigm in which it was operationalized as the level of aversive noise administered to a fictive opponent. No main effects of the polymorphisms on aggressive behavior were found after controlling for multiple testing. The interactive effects between alcohol and two of the OXTR polymorphisms (rs4564970 and rs1488467) on aggressive behavior were nominally significant and remained significant for the rs4564970 when controlled for multiple tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study suggesting interactive effects of specific genetic variants and alcohol on aggressive behavior in humans.
Subject(s)
Aggression/drug effects , Aggression/physiology , Ethanol/pharmacology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/genetics , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Alcohols/pharmacology , Alleles , Gene-Environment Interaction , Humans , Male , MenABSTRACT
Thirty-six patients with biliary colic and normal oral cholecystograms, upper gastrointestinal tract roentgenograms, and results of gallbladder ultrasonography underwent sincalide-stimulated biliary excretion scanning. Nineteen of these patients subsequently underwent cholecystectomies. Gallbladder ejection fractions (EFs) ranged from 0% to 88% (mean, 38%) and nine of 19 patients had exact pain reproduction with sincalide. All patients except one (EF, 35%) were cured of their symptoms. However, five patients were also cured who had a normal EF (greater than 50%). Histologically, 11 gallbladders showed chronic cholecystitis and eight were normal. We conclude that the sincalide biliary excretion scan is a useful test to study this group of patients. In patients with a decreased EF, cholecystectomy can be recommended with a high probability of symptom relief. In patients with normal EFs, clinical judgment is required, as some of these patients (five of five in this series) may still benefit from operation.
Subject(s)
Gallbladder Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Organotechnetium Compounds , Sincalide , Adult , Aged , Bile/metabolism , Female , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Gallbladder/pathology , Gallbladder/physiopathology , Gallbladder Diseases/pathology , Gallbladder Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Imino Acids , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium , Technetium Tc 99m LidofeninABSTRACT
Entrapment of chest tubes under one or more sternal sutures is an uncommon complication of median sternotomy. Five cases occurred among 759 median sternotomies performed during a 2 year period. A radiographic sign of chest tube entrapment is presented. Early recognition may prevent a second surgical procedure.
