ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2415 mother/newborn pairs, in order to evaluate the relationship between maternal alcohol consumption and birth weight. The results of this study are consistent with previous reports, that pointed out the casual relationship between maternal drinking during pregnancy, and reduction in birth weight. This reduction was evident only on the subset of smokers. A further stratification by the sex of newborn, showed a heavier effect on male newborns, who experienced a significant reduction of 6.2 grams in birth weight for each g of absolute alcohol consumed daily during pregnancy by mother. The findings of this study support the evidence of neonatal functional damages due to alcohol, even at very low doses. A strong increase of early jaundice were found among the outcome of exposed women (OD = 3.30; 95% CI 1.03-10.54).
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Birth Weight/drug effects , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Italy/epidemiology , Jaundice, Neonatal/epidemiology , Jaundice, Neonatal/etiology , Male , Neonatal Screening , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Female , Humans , PregnancySubject(s)
Pregnancy Complications , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Thallium/poisoning , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , PregnancyABSTRACT
Therapist-patient age similarity and therapist status were examined in relation to interpersonal attraction in the psychotherapy dyad. Psychiatric inpatients who comprised three age groupings were assigned randomly to one of four audiovisual treatments that depicted a dyadic psychotherapy situation (N = 60). For each treatment, therapist age and status were differentially presented on color slides with the same accompanying audiotape. Results indicated that age similarity was significantly (p less than .05) more relevant for the younger patients, whereas therapist status had greater significance for older patients. There were several significant interactions that concerned therapist-patient age similarity and therapist status effects on psychotherapeutic attraction. These results suggest that therapist-patient matching on age and/or therapist status should be considered carefully as a potential influence on therapeutic outcome.
