ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, outcome and risk factors for postoperative pyothorax in dogs undergoing thoracic surgery. METHODS: Case records were reviewed retrospectively to identify dogs with post thoracic surgery pyothorax, defined as septic neutrophilic inflammation within the pleural space based on cytology and/or a positive bacterial culture of pleural fluid. Those identified were reviewed for potential risk factors for postoperative pyothorax based on biological plausibility and previously published data. These potential risk factors were explored by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 232 dogs undergoing thoracic surgery, 15 (6.5%) dogs developed pyothorax. Bacteria cultured included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-resistant Escherichia coli. Of these dogs, six died, four were euthanased and five were treated successfully. A diagnosis of idiopathic chylothorax [Odds Ratio (OR)=12.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=2.7-58.5, P=0.001], preoperative intrathoracic biopsy (OR=14.3, 95% CI=1.7-118.7, P=0.014) and preoperative thoracocentesis (OR=11.2, 95% CI=1.6-78.2, P=0.015) were identified as independent risk factors for development of postoperative pyothorax. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Idiopathic chylothorax, intrathoracic biopsy and prior thoracocentesis are independent risk factors for postoperative pyothorax, which was associated with a 67% mortality rate.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/veterinary , Thoracic Surgical Procedures/veterinary , Animals , Biopsy/adverse effects , Biopsy/veterinary , Chylothorax/complications , Chylothorax/surgery , Chylothorax/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Empyema, Pleural/epidemiology , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Female , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/veterinary , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis , Thoracic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A survey of 788 pigs from 120 farms was conducted to determine the within-farm prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and a questionnaire of management conditions was mailed to the farms afterwards. A univariate statistical analysis with carriage and shedding as outcomes was conducted with random-effects logistic regression with farm as a clustering factor. Variables with a P value <0·15 were included into the respective multivariate random-effects logistic regression model. The use of municipal water was discovered to be a protective factor against carriage and faecal shedding of the pathogen. Organic production and buying feed from a certain feed manufacturer were also protective against total carriage. Tonsillar carriage, a different feed manufacturer, fasting pigs before transport to the slaughterhouse, higher-level farm health classification, and snout contacts between pigs were risk factors for faecal shedding. We concluded that differences in management can explain different prevalences of Y. enterocolitica between farms.
