ABSTRACT
Background: There is a need for promoting exercise practice among people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Aquatic exercise (AE) could be a viable option in this regard. Objective: To identify and critically analyze the best available evidence concerning the effects of AE in the physical and mental health of people with ID. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative studies was performed after searching within several databases up to March 2021. Results: A total of 4 RCTs and 3 comparative studies were found. Their methodological quality ranged from high to low. Aquatic interventions had positive effects on cardiorespiratory, muscular fitness and balance. Mixed effects were seen on parameters related to obesity and cognition. Scant information regarding feasibility and intervention fidelity was provided. In general, interventions details were not discussed in deep. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence shows that aquatic exercise can be prescribed to people with ID in order to improve their physical health. The impact of aquatic exercise on motor skills, cognitive function and mental health remains unclear. Further research on this topic should provide a detailed description of the interventions carried out, including information on the feasibility and intervention fidelity.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This systematic review aimed at analysing the reliability and validity of field-based tests for assessing physical fitness in gymnasts.MethodThree electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus) were searched up to March 2022, in order to identify studies that assessed the psychometric properties of field-based physical fitness test among gymnastics.ResultsA total of 16 studies on several gymnastics modalities (artistics n = 11; rhythmic n = 3, artistics and rhythmic n = 1; aerobic n = 1), were analyzed. All studies reported on reliability measured through test-retest design. Validity was reported in only four studies. Regarding specific tests, the split test (ICC = 0.998), and the handstand (ICC= 1) showed the highest test-retest reliability. The greater validity values were achieved by the split test (r2 = 0.52), hanging pikes test (r2 = 0.86), and handstand test (r2 = 0.65).ConclusionA great variety of both specific and non-specific physical fitness tests have been analyzed in the field of gymnastics. The side split test, the handstand test, the vertical jump test, the 20-m run test, the agility test, and the aerobic gymnast anaerobic test could be useful tools to assess flexibility, strength, balance, muscular power, speed, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness in gymnasts. Further investigations analyzing absolute reliability and criterion validity are needed. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Physical Fitness , Exercise Test/instrumentation , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise Test/trends , Gymnastics , Physical Endurance , Flexural Strength , Evaluation Studies as Topic , 16136ABSTRACT
Nordic walking (NW) may be a beneficial treatment for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Since high-quality research has been published on the effects of NW on people with PD by now, an actualised and comprehensive, in-depth review is recommended to guide practitioners in prescribing this exercise modality. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of NW as a rehabilitation strategy for PD. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search was performed using Pubmed, SportDiscus and Scopus up to May 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the impact of a NW intervention on any outcomes in people with PD were included. The critical appraisal of the RCTs was retrieved from the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) or evaluated using the PEDro scale. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool was also employed. The review was not registered a priori on any database and a review protocol was not published. Twelve studies were included in the review. The investigations were mostly good-to-fair methodological quality, and risk of bias was acceptable. None of the reported statistically significant benefits of NW were clinically meaningful, except for walking ability. Although adherence to NW programs was good, some adverse effects derived from its practice were informed. The practice of Nordic Walking does not lead to clinically significant changes in global motor impairment, functional mobility, balance and physical fitness in patients with PD. This therapy seems to improve walking ability and quality of life, although further research in this latter outcome is needed.
Subject(s)
Parkinson Disease , Exercise , Exercise Therapy/methods , Humans , Nordic Walking , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Physical Fitness , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia científica al respecto de los efectos que tiene en la salud el hecho de combinar ejercicio físico y ayuno intermitente, así como determinar si su impacto es mayor que cuando ambas actividades se realizan de forma separada. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en MEDLINE a través de PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, Cochrane Library y CINAHL, mediante la combinación de las siguientes palabras clave "Intermittent Fasting", "Ramadan", "Time Restricted Feeding" y "Physical Exercise". La calidad metodológica fue determinada mediante la escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). RESULTADOS: De los 711 resultados obtenidos tras la primera búsqueda, cuatro ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs) fueron definitivamente incluidos en el estudio. La calidad metodológica de los ensayos analizados resultó ser "regular" en tres es-tudios y "buena" en uno de ellos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el ayuno combinado con ejercicio resulta ser más eficaz en la mejora de parámetros relacionados con la composición corporal, tales como el peso corporal, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de cintura, la masa grasa y el porcentaje de masa grasa. También se observó una mejora en la glucosa, la resistencia a la insulina, el colesterol HDL y LDL, la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, los triglicéridos y el consumo máximo de oxígeno. CONCLUSIONES: La combinación de ayuno intermitente con ejercicio físico tiene efectos beneficiosos en la salud cardiovascular y metabólica. Dicha estrategia parece ser un método efectivo para mejorar la salud de las personas a través de variables relacionadas con la composición corporal, así como con el nivel de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos
OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence regarding the effects on health of combining exercise and fasting, as well as to determine if their impact is greater than when both activities are performed separately. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A search of following databases was performed: MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, by combining the keywords "Intermittent Fasting", "Ramadan", "Time Restricted Feeding" and "Physical Exercise". The methodological quality was determined using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. RESULTS: Of the 711 results found in the first search, only four studies were definitely selected. The methodological quality of the analyzed trials turned out to be "fair" in three studies and "good" in one of them. The results obtained show that fasting combined with exercise turns out to be more effective in improving the body composition-related parameters, such as body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass and fat mass percentage. An improvement in glucose, insulin resistance, HDL and LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and maximal oxygen uptake were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of intermittent fasting with physical exercise is an effective and interesting strategy to improve cardiovascular and metabolic health. This strategy appears to be an effective method to improve people's health through variables related to body composition, as well as the level of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides
