Subject(s)
Diarrhea/epidemiology , Disasters , Disease Outbreaks , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus/genetics , Tidal Waves , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Capsid Proteins/genetics , Diarrhea/virology , Genotype , Humans , India/epidemiology , Rotavirus/classification , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In addition to four globally important group A rotavirus (GARV) VP7 genotypes (G1-G4), recent surveillance studies have revealed importance of G9 strains as an aetiological agent of infantile diarrhoea. OBJECTIVE: Detection and genotyping of GARVs from children, admitted with gastroenteritis to Dr. B.C. Roy Memorial Hospital for Children, Kolkata, India. STUDY DESIGN: GARVs were detected in stool specimens by RNA electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. G- and P-genotyping were performed by seminested multiplex PCR assays. VP7 gene of rotavirus G9 and G12 strains were sequenced for further analysis. RESULTS: Of 249 GARV strains (n=668, May 2005-December 2006), G- and P-genotyping were successfully accomplished for 197 and 204 samples, respectively. G1 (41.6%) was most prevalent G-genotype followed by G2 (33%), G12 (14.2%), G9 (10.1%) and mixed genotype (1%). Prevalent P-genotypes were P[8] (54.4%), P[4] (31.4%), P[6] (7.3%) and mixed genotype (6.9%). Overall, G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8], G12P[8] and G12P[6] were identified as important G-P combinations. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 G9 strains revealed clustering within G9 lineage III. Nine of 28 G12 strains were sequenced and exhibited phylogenetic clustering with previously reported G12 strains from Kolkata. CONCLUSION: In comparison to our previous data (2003 to April 2005), G9 and G2P[4] strains established themselves in a short time span as important genotypes in eastern India.
Subject(s)
Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Rotavirus/classification , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Capsid Proteins/genetics , Child, Preschool , Cluster Analysis , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Feces/virology , Genotype , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , RNA, Viral/genetics , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Rotavirus/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence HomologyABSTRACT
During a surveillance study (November 2001-March 2005), one rare G15P[11] and two rare G15P[21] bovine group A rotavirus strains were detected in diarrhoeic calves in Eastern India. Sequence analysis of the VP8*, VP6, NSP4 and NSP5 genes of the G15P[11] strain confirmed its bovine origin. Although the NSP4 and NSP5 genes of the two G15P[21] strains were of bovine origin, their VP6 genes shared higher nucleotide and amino acid identities with simian strain SA11 (92.5-93.1% and 98.5-98.7%) than bovine strains (88.5-88.9% and 97-97.2%), and by phylogenetic analysis, exhibited clustering with SA11, distantly related to bovine strains. All these pointed towards a possible reassortment event of VP6 gene between bovine and simian (SA11-like) strains. Therefore, the present study provided molecular evidence for bovine origin of G15 strains and revealed a rare instance of genetic diversity in the bovine VP6 gene, otherwise conserved in group A rotavirus strains from cattle.
