ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In the past, studies on antimicrobial resistance were carried out on pathogens in the clinical areas. However, since then, this phenomenon has become a general case both in the environment and in the food sector. This systematic review aimed to review the various scientific publications on the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics in foods in West Africa. METHODS: An extensive literature search was carried out through an electronic database including PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Articles published from fifteen countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) between 2010 and 2020 on antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens were included in the study. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles and then the full texts of the selected articles were reviewed. RESULTS: Out of the 565 articles found in our initial research, 149 publications (26.55%) were considered suitable for inclusion in this review. Globally, 2018, 2019, and 2020 had more included papers (n = 21 to 25) than the other years. Of the 149 publications analyzed, four types of food commodities were identified as products of high consumption based on the number of publications in the field such as poultry (39/149), read-to-eat food (22/149), meat, and animal products (20/149). Most studies have shown that E. coli has the highest prevalence followed by Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Only 33 (22.14%) of the 149 publications were based on further molecular characterization of the isolates. Publications analyzed showed that the most prevalent detected genes were tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(K) blaTEM, catA1, catA2, cmlA, blaCTXM and qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, and qepA4. CONCLUSION: From these results, antibiotic use in the food areas must be strongly regulated, especially in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This highlights the need to implement suitable and appropriate control strategies to reduce complications and prevent the dissemination of resistant bacteria isolates in foods. One health antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the region must be a great concern.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Escherichia coli , Animals , Africa, Western , Bacteria , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Strain FF9T was isolated in Dakar (Senegal) from a blood-culture taken from a 16-month-old child. MALDI-TOF analysis did not allow for identification. After sequencing, strain FF9T exhibited 98.18% similarity with the 16SrRNA sequence of Paenibacillus uliginis. A polyphasic study of phenotypic and genomic analyses showed that strain FF9T is Gram variable, catalase-positive, and presents a genome of 4,569,428 bp (one chromosome but no plasmid) with 4,427genes (4,352 protein-coding and 75 RNA genes (including 3 rRNA operons). The G+C content is 45.7%. On the basis of these genomic and phenotypic data analyses, we propose the creation of Paenibacillus dakarensis strain FF9T.
ABSTRACT
Strain FF8(T) (= CSUR P860 = DSM 28259) was isolated in Dakar, Senegal, from the urine of a 65-year-old man with acute cystitis. This strain shows a similarity of sequence of 16S rRNA of 98.38% with Weeksella virosa, and its GenBank accession numbers are HG931340 and CCMH00000000. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis had a poor score, ranging from 1.32 to 1.56, that did not allow identification of the bacterium. Using a polyphasic study made of phenotypic and genomic analyses, strain FF8(T) was a Gram-negative, aerobic rod and a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The sequenced genome is 2 562 781 bp with one chromosome but no plasmid. It exhibits a G + C content of 35.9% and contains 2390 protein-coding and 56 RNA genes, including a complete rRNA operon. On the basis of these data, we propose the creation of Weeksella massiliensis sp. nov.
ABSTRACT
Strain FF6(T) was isolated from the cervical abscess of a 4-year-old Senegalese boy, in Dakar, Senegal. MALDI-TOF MS did not provide any identification. This strain exhibited a 95.17% 16S rRNA sequence identity with Necropsobacter rosorum. Using a polyphasic study including phenotypic and genomic analyses, strain FF6(T) was an aero-anaerobic Gram-negative cocobacillus, oxidase positive, and exhibited a genome of 2,493,927 bp (1 chromosome but no plasmid) with a G+C content of 46.2% that coded 2,309 protein-coding and 53 RNA genes. On the basis of these data, we propose the creation of Necropsobacter massiliensis sp. nov.
ABSTRACT
Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of death with 14.7 million deaths in 2001 and 26% of global mortality worldwide according to WHO. Shigella species are prevalent in tropical areas; they are present all the year, with epidemic outbreaks in rainy season. Between 2001 and 2010 one hundred ninety (190) strains of Shigella flexneri isolated from National Senegalese Enterobacteriaceae Center located at the Pasteur Institute in Dakar were studied. Susceptibility was performed by antibiogram following the CASFM recommendations. Detection and characterization of integrons and resistance genes was done by PCR using specific primers and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility showed high percentage resistance to tetracycline: 95%, cotrimoxazole 60%, ampicillin 55%. Nineteen strains were cephalosporin resistant (10%). Two isolates were resistant to quinolones and one was imipenem resistant. Genes tet, dfr, cat, bla tem1 , bla oxa30 , bla shv , bla CTX-M , blakpc,bla IMP , gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE were detected on isolates. Integrons harbored genes resistance. The class 1 integron predominated followed by class 2 integron. Genes bla oxa30 , aadA1/aadA2 dfrA1, dfrA7 were found on class 1 integron. Class 2 integron showed three different types cassettes. No class 3 integron was detected. Genes dfrA1, dfrA7, sat, and aadA1 were harbouring by integrons. Antibiotic susceptibility showed that Shigella flexneri strains are resistant to the first line drugs used to treat shigellosis in Senegal. Resistance to 3rd generation of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones emerged and is of great concern. These molecules must be used with caution in the treatment of shigellosis.
