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Commun Biol ; 4(1): 120, 2021 01 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33500517

ABSTRACT

The thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding, known as the "Anfinsen's dogma" states that the native structure of a protein represents a free energy minimum determined by the amino acid sequence. However, inconsistent with the Anfinsen's dogma, globular proteins can misfold to form amyloid fibrils, which are ordered aggregates associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Here, we present a general concept for the link between folding and misfolding. We tested the accessibility of the amyloid state for various proteins upon heating and agitation. Many of them showed Anfinsen-like reversible unfolding upon heating, but formed amyloid fibrils upon agitation at high temperatures. We show that folding and amyloid formation are separated by the supersaturation barrier of a protein. Its breakdown is required to shift the protein to the amyloid pathway. Thus, the breakdown of supersaturation links the Anfinsen's intramolecular folding universe and the intermolecular misfolding universe.


Subject(s)
Amyloid/chemistry , Amyloid/metabolism , Protein Folding , Amino Acid Sequence/physiology , Amyloidosis/etiology , Amyloidosis/metabolism , Chemical Precipitation , DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Humans , Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry , Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism , Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/chemistry , Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/metabolism , Osmolar Concentration , Protein Aggregation, Pathological/etiology , Protein Aggregation, Pathological/metabolism , Protein Conformation , Protein Multimerization/physiology , Thermodynamics , alpha-Synuclein/chemistry , alpha-Synuclein/metabolism , tau Proteins/chemistry , tau Proteins/metabolism
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