ABSTRACT
The reliability of the Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) was evaluated using a sample of VA domiciliary and nursing home patients. The interobserver and interrater reliability coefficients of the summary rating scales, based on a single assessment, tended to be higher than their test-retest reliability coefficients, based on two independent assessments separated by a modal four-week interval. Validity coefficients, using the OARS instrument ratings as criteria, also based on two independent assessments several weeks apart, were, on the average, as high as the test-retest reliability coefficients. More specifically, the mental health, physical health, and activities of daily living rating scales, along with the objectively scored Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and Short Psychiatric Evaluation Schedule, tended to yield relatively similar scores with repeated measurement, while the social resources and economic resources scales were somewhat less stable, a discrepancy possibly explained by the homogeneous nature of the social and economic status of most of the patients (institutionalized veterans). Thus the reliability and validity of the FAI are satisfactory, but the stability of some of its scales requires further investigation.
Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living , Geriatrics/methods , Health Status Indicators , Health Surveys , Aged , Demography , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Homes for the Aged , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Nursing Homes , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesSubject(s)
Aging , Biological Clocks , Age Factors , Animals , Catalase/metabolism , Circadian Rhythm , Drosophila melanogaster/physiology , Gravitation , Light , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Prophylactic treatment of hamsters and chickens with an aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) inhibited Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) tumorigenesis. Retinoid administration to chickens with RSV-induced tumors resulted in tumor regression and/or confinement to the primary site. The retinoid also exerted a therapeutic effect on Shope virus papilloma development in the skin of rabbits.
Subject(s)
Etretinate/therapeutic use , Sarcoma, Avian/prevention & control , Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives , Tumor Virus Infections/drug therapy , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Avian Leukosis Virus/immunology , Avian Sarcoma Viruses/growth & development , Chickens , Cricetinae , Mesocricetus , Mice , Sarcoma, Avian/drug therapySubject(s)
Aging , Circadian Rhythm , Leukocyte Count , Animals , Male , Models, Biological , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Aging , Hexobarbital/pharmacology , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Age Factors , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Enzyme Induction , Hexobarbital/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Male , NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/metabolism , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , Rats , Sleep , Spectrum Analysis , Time Factors , Zoxazolamine/metabolismABSTRACT
The Orgel hypothesis receives considerable attention as a possible explanation for the phenomenon of senescence. Experimental observations which argue in favor of the Orgel hypothesis are discussed, and critized in part. This is followed by a presentation of experimental data which argue in opposition to the notion. On the basis of the considerable body of data which argue in opposition to the Orgel theory, a call for reappraisal of the applicability of this theory to the phenomenon of senescence is suggested.
Subject(s)
Aging , Enzymes/metabolism , Protein Biosynthesis , Amino Acids/metabolism , Animals , Cross Reactions , Drosophila/physiology , Female , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glucosephosphates/metabolism , Hot Temperature , Humans , Liver/enzymology , Lung/embryology , Lyases/metabolism , Male , NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/metabolism , Nematoda/enzymology , PregnancySubject(s)
Cells, Cultured , Culture Media , Alkanesulfonates , Animals , Buffers , Cell Division , Cell Line , Cell Survival , Chick Embryo , Ethanol , HEPES , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lung , Mesylates , Methanol , PiperazinesABSTRACT
A comparison of the mean life-spans for populations of Drosophila melanogaster at 10 degrees , 20 degrees , 25 degrees , and 30 degrees C maintained on media prepared with distilled water and with 50 percent deuterium oxide shows that deuteration decreases longevity at all four temperatures. The magnitude of the difference between the mean survival times of populations maintained on deuterated and nondeuterated media is inversely related to temperature between 10 degrees and 30 degrees C.
