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1.
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) ; 69(3): 68-82, 2023 Jun 30.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37448249

ABSTRACT

Overweight and obesity are a worldwide common problem and are diagnosed with a body mass index (BMI) value in the range of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively. Obese patients are at high risk of developing concomitant diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hyperlipidemia, stroke and even some types of cancer. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the proportion of overweight people was 62.0%, with obesity - 26.2%. The authors performed an electronic search in the PubMed information database. Two search elements were used: «Semaglutide¼ and «Obesity¼. The search included studies published from the date of foundation of the database to August 2022. The search was limited only to the results of clinical trials. The authors obtained 26 results, but only the studies of SUSTAIN, PIONEER (Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment) and STEP were considered, since they were original, randomized, controlled clinical trials conducted before the approval of semaglutide for the treatment of DM2 and obesity.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Humans , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/drug therapy , Overweight , Weight Loss
2.
Vopr Virusol ; 68(2): 105-116, 2023 05 18.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37264845

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The study of the mechanisms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the basis for building a strategy for anti-epidemic measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding in what time frame a patient can spread SARS-CoV-2 is just as important as knowing the transmission mechanisms themselves. This information is necessary to develop effective measures to prevent infection by breaking the chains of transmission of the virus. The aim of the work is to identify the infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus in patient samples in the course of the disease and to determine the duration of virus shedding in patients with varying severity of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In patients included in the study, biomaterial (nasopharyngeal swabs) was subjected to analysis by quantitative RT-PCR and virological determination of infectivity of the virus. RESULTS: We have determined the timeframe of maintaining the infectivity of the virus in patients hospitalized with severe and moderate COVID-19. Based on the results of the study, we made an analysis of the relationship between the amount of detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the infectivity of the virus in vitro in patients with COVID-19. The median time of the infectious virus shedding was 8 days. In addition, a comparative analysis of different protocols for the detection of the viral RNA in relation to the identification of the infectious virus was carried out. CONCLUSION: The obtained data make it possible to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 detection and viral load in patients with COVID-19 and indicate the significance of these parameters for the subsequent spread of the virus and the organization of preventive measures.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Coronaviridae , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Humans , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , RNA, Viral/genetics , Pandemics/prevention & control , Delivery of Health Care
3.
Dokl Biochem Biophys ; 476(1): 323-325, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29101745

ABSTRACT

The incubation in deuterium-depleted medium of mitochondria isolated from the liver of rats that consumed drinking diet with depleted deuterium (46 ppm) revealed a higher (by 35%) generation of hydrogen peroxide in comparison with the mitochondria (isolated from the liver of rats that consumed drinking diet with 152 ppm deuterium) incubated in medium that contained 152 ppm deuterium. Succinate addition to the reaction system led to an increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide in isolated mitochondria by 44-81%, whereas the difference in the generation of H2O2 between the organelles incubated in mediums 46 and 152 ppm was reduced by 14%. The revealed change in the functional activity of mitochondria suggests the ability of the organism to adapt to the deuterium-depleted drinking diet, which is probably due to the formation of the D/H isotope transmembrane gradient.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects , Deuterium/pharmacology , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Rats
4.
Biofizika ; 60(1): 136-42, 2015.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25868351

ABSTRACT

The effect of water isotopic composition on concentration of oil-oxidizing actinobacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D cellular biomass is observed during cultivation in liquid nutrient media. The value for the effect was determined by experimental conditions, including consecutive use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nutritious substrates--saccharose and hexadecane. It is shown, that when Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D cells, cultivated in media with sucrose and 71 and 98 ppm deuterium content in water were inoculated into the similar in mineral and isotopic composition media with hexadecane, a considerable increase in cellular biomass production is observed if compared to a control sample in which water with 150 ppm deuterium concentration was used.


Subject(s)
Biomass , Deuterium/chemistry , Rhodococcus/growth & development , Water/chemistry
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