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1.
Duodecim ; 127(21): 2334-5, 2011.
Article in Finnish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22204148

ABSTRACT

This guideline is focused on the diagnostics and treatment of acute, recurrent and relapsing urinary tract infections in adults and children. Sexually transmitted diseases are not addressed, but must be considered in differential diagnostics. The resistance prevalence of the causative microbes and the ecological adverse effects of antimicrobial agents were considered important factors in selecting optimal therapeutic choices for the guideline. Diagnosis and management of cystitis in otherwise healthy women aged 18-65 years can be based on structured telephone interviews. Primary antimicrobiotic drugs are nitrofurantoin, pivmesillinam and trimetoprim for three days.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Adult , Amdinocillin Pivoxil/therapeutic use , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Nitrofurantoin/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Trimethoprim/therapeutic use , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
2.
Scand J Infect Dis ; 40(9): 702-8, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19086244

ABSTRACT

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to compare Clostridium difficile immune whey (CDIW) with metronidazole for treatment of laboratory-confirmed, recurrent, mild to moderate episodes of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). CDIW was manufactured by immunization of cows in their gestation period with inactivated C. difficile vaccine. The resulting colostrum was processed, immunoglubulins were concentrated and the end-product containing high titres of C. difficile immunoglobulin was used as CDIW. 20 patients received metronidazole at a dosage of 400 mg t.i.d. and 18 patients CDIW 200 ml t.i.d. The study was interrupted early because of the bankruptcy of the sponsor. After 14 d of treatment, all 20 (100%) of 20 patients had responded to metronidazole therapy, compared with 16 (89%) of 18 who had received CDIW. 70 d after the beginning of treatment, sustained responses were observed in 11 (55%) of 20 patients receiving metronidazole and 10 (56%) of 18 patients treated with CDIW. In this preliminary study CDIW was as effective as metronidazole in the prevention of CDAD recurrences and it was well tolerated.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clostridioides difficile/immunology , Clostridium Infections , Diarrhea , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Milk Proteins/immunology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Cattle , Clostridium Infections/drug therapy , Clostridium Infections/immunology , Clostridium Infections/prevention & control , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/immunology , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Immunization , Immunotherapy , Male , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Milk Proteins/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Whey Proteins , Young Adult
3.
BMC Infect Dis ; 6: 137, 2006 Sep 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16965625

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endocarditis is a common complication in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). We compared risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcome in a large, prospective cohort of patients with S. aureus endocarditis in injection drug users (IDUs) and in nonaddicts. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty consecutive adult patients with SAB were prospectively followed up for 3 months. Definite or possible endocarditis by modified Duke criteria was found in 74 patients: 20 patients were IDUs and 54 nonaddicts. RESULTS: Endocarditis was more common in SAB among drug abusers (46%) than in nonaddicts (14%) (odds ratio [OR], 5.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65-9.91; P < 0.001). IDUs were significantly younger (27 +/- 15 vs 65 +/- 15 years, P < 0.001), had less ultimately or rapidly fatal underlying diseases (0% vs 37%, P < 0.001) or predisposing heart diseases (20% vs 50%, P = 0.03), and their SAB was more often community-acquired (95% vs 39%, P < 0.001). Right-sided endocarditis was observed in 60% of IDUs whereas 93% of nonaddicts had left-sided involvement (P < 0.001). An extracardiac deep infection was found in 85% of IDUs and in 89% of nonaddicts (P = 0.70). Arterial thromboembolic events and severe sepsis were also equally common in both groups. There was no difference in mortality between the groups at 7 days, but at 3 months it was lower among IDUs (10%) compared with nonaddicts (39%) (OR, 5.73; 95% CI, 1.20-27.25; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: S. aureus endocarditis in IDUs was associated with as high complication rates including extracardiac deep infections, thromboembolic events, or severe sepsis as in nonaddicts. Injection drug abuse in accordance with younger age and lack of underlying diseases were associated with lower mortality, but after adjusting by age and underlying diseases injection drug abuse was not significantly associated with mortality.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Cloxacillin/therapeutic use , Dicloxacillin/therapeutic use , Echocardiography/methods , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Leukocytosis/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
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