ABSTRACT
Subjects with functionally univentricular circulation who have completed staged single ventricle palliation, with the final stage culminating in the Fontan procedure, are often living into adulthood. However, high morbidity and mortality remain prevalent in these patients, as diastolic and systolic dysfunction of the single systemic ventricle are linked to Fontan circulatory failure. We presently investigated the effects of probenecid in post-Fontan patients. Used for decades for the treatment of gout, probenecid has been shown in recent years to positively influence cardiac function via effects on the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel in cardiomyocytes. Indeed, we observed that probenecid improved cardiac function and exercise performance in patients with a functionally univentricular circulation. This was consistent with our findings from a retrospective cohort of patients with single ventricle physiology where TRPV2 expression was increased. Experiments in isolated cardiomyocytes associated these positive actions to augmentation of diastolic calcium homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Calcium Channel Agonists/therapeutic use , Fontan Procedure/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/drug therapy , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Probenecid/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Calcium/metabolism , Child , Exercise Test , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Heart Ventricles/surgery , Homeostasis/drug effects , Humans , Male , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: A systematic search and critical appraisal of interdisciplinary literature was conducted to evaluate the evidence for practicing mindfulness to treat job burnout and to explore implications for occupational therapy practitioners. METHOD: Eight articles met inclusion criteria. Each study was assessed for quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. We used the U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines to determine strength of evidence. RESULTS: Of the studies reviewed, participants included health care professionals and teachers; no studies included occupational therapy practitioners. Six of the 8 studies demonstrated statistically significant decreases in job burnout after mindfulness training. Seven of the studies were of fair to good quality. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence for the use of mindfulness practice to reduce job burnout among health care professionals and teachers. Research is needed to fill the gap on whether mindfulness is effective for treating burnout in occupational therapy practitioners.
