[Calpains: general characteristics and role in various states of the organism].

Calpains are a family of cytoplasmic calcium-dependent proteinases with papain-like activity. They participate in a variety of processes in the body: age changes, functioning of endothelium and pulmonary system, regulation of apoptosis and necrosis, development of various hypometabolic states, arterial hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, tumor growth. It is concluded that calpains, causing limited proteolysis of substrates, play an important role in a wide range of biological phenomena. Their activity is associated with the response to the calcium-dependent signaling and the effects of aging. Inhibition of calpains activity contributes to inhibition of endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, formation of structural and functional changes in the kidney tissue, has neuroprotective effect, preventing sarcopenia, reduces inflammatory reactions caused by hyperventilation of the lungs.

[Activity of Ca(2+)-dependent neutral proteinases in rat organs under cobalt and mercury chloride injection]. / Aktivnost' Ca(2+)-zavisimykh neitral'nykh proteinaz v organakh krys pri vvedenii im khloridov kobal'ta i rtuti.

The activity of Ca(2+)-dependent neutral proteinases in rats under cobalt and mercury chloride injection was investigated. The calpains activity increase in the lungs, heart, liver and kidneys was revealed after 2 h cobalt chloride action. The mercury chloride gives a reliable increase of calcium-dependent neutral proteinases only in the kidneys.

[Chymase in the system proteinase-proteinase inhibitor in pathogenesis of hypertension]. / Khimaza v sisteme proteinaza-ingibitor proteinaz v patogeneze gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Investigated in the study was activity of proteinases, nontripsin-like proteinases (NTLP), a1-inhibitor of proteinases (a1-PI), and a2-macroglobulin (a2-MG) in the blood serum of workers of the Kharkov tile plant and those of the Institute of Therapy of the AMS of Ukraine, who had been exposed to stress factors, and during the early stages of hypertensive disease (HD). The activity of proteinases, NTLP appeared to be decreased in the group of HD patients. In both groups there was a decrease in the level of a1-PI and a rise of the activity of chimase, a2-MG. The authors have come to the conclusion about prevailing of nervous, immunological stimuli in the above examinees, specificity of the part chimase has in formation and progression of HD, and important role that a2-MG plays in the activity of chimase.

[Effect of enape combined with nebilet in hypertension]. / Effektivnost' primeneniia énapa v sochetanii s nebiletom pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Patients with stage II hypertensive disease have been shown to derive apparent benefit from treatment with a combination of the beta-adrenoblocker nebivolol and inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme enap that was evidenced by improvement in hemodynamics, in echocardiographic characteristics promoting a decline in the activity of the basic enzyme of the tissue formation angiotensin II chimase and an increase in the level of its most important inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin.

[Effect of quercetin on some indicators of the proteinase-proteinase inhibitor system in rats upon administration of cobalt chloride to them]. / Vliianie kvertsetina na nekotorye pokazateli sistemy proteinaza-ingibitor proteinaz u krys pri vvedenii im khlorida kobal'ta.

The results of quercetin effect on some changes of proteinase--proteinase inhibitor system parameters in rats under cobalt chloride injection are shown. It was established that preliminary quercetin administration prevened neutral proteinase activation and alpha-2-macroglobulin activity decreasing after 2 h of cobalt chloride influence.

[Chymase, tonin and elastase in rat tissue under oxidative stress caused by administering cobalt chloride]. / Khimaza, tonin i élastaza v tkaniakh krys pri okislitel'nom stresse, vyzvannom vvedeniem khlorida kobal'ta.

Character of chymase, tonin and elastase activities changes in rats heart, lungs, liver, kidney under the oxidative stress, induced by cobalt chloride, was investigated. The elastase activity increase in the researched organs and all proteinase indicated in liver were revealed. The specific effect of tonin involvement in injuring effect of cobalt chloride in rat heart is shown, this effect is revealed by local absence of chymase level change, that is determined by its species unsimilarity compare with human. The conclusion about more essential significance of elastase and chymase in injuring effect in lungs and kidneys tissues is made.

[Proteinase-proteinase inhibitor complex in rats under oxidative stress caused by administration of cobalt chloride]. / Sistema proteinaza-ingibitor proteinaz u krys pri oksidativnom stresse,vyzvannom vvedeniem khlorida kobal'ta.

Mechanisms of proteinase-inhibitor proteinase system response was estimated following of cobalt chloride injection. The increase proteinase activity, which led to significant decrease of alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-MG) level was established that indicated to the removal of the proteinase in complex with alpha-2-MG from the organism. Increase of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) trypsin-inhibitory activity in the kidneys testify about removal of oxidative alpha-1-PI.

[Effect of adrenal stress on activity of proteinase and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in rats]. / Vliianie adrenalovogo stressa na aktivnost' proteinaz i al'fa-1-ingibitor proteinaz u krys.

The effect of adrenal stress on the proteinase and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor activities in blood serum and cytosols of the rat organs were investigated. The reliable change was marked only in the alpha-1-PI level research of lung tissue cytosol. The proteolysis suppression was revealed in the heart and kidney tissue, while the proteolysis activation was revealed in serum and less in the lung tissue cytosol. Changes in proteinase level in the myocardium and kidney tissue play the primary role in respect to those of the other research liquids under study.

[Restoration of the protease--alpha 1-protease inhibitor system after exposure of rats to cold]. / Vosstanovlenie sistemy proteinaza--al'fa-1-ingibitor proteinaz posle vozdeistviia kholoda u krys.

The trasilol injection and warming of rats were investigated for their influence on activities of proteinase and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1PT) after two-hour- and a week-long cold stress. The one-hour return to normal temperature is the most effective method of proteinase-antiproteinase correction after two-hour cold stress. Nevertheless, the return of rats to the normal temperature even for 24 hours after a week cold stress is not enough for the proteinase and alpha-1-PI balancing normalization. The trasilol injection is a more effective method in the last case.

[Activity of proteinases and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor under cold stress in rats]. / Aktivnost' proteinaz i alfa-1-ingibitora proteinaz pri kholodovom stresse u krys.

Proteinase and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) activity has been investigated in the dynamic of the cold influence in rats. A rise of proteinase activity against a compensatory drop of alpha-1-PI level two hours later their action was observed. Proteolysis activation stimulated the alpha-1-PI synthesis or its release in the blood circulation. A new wave of proteolysis occurs in response to the alpha-1-PI increase. This tight correlation between proteinase and alpha-1-PI activity changes testifies that reactions of organic proteolysis are very significant in the stress response stimulation under the cold influence.

[Determination of the optimal condition of hemoprotein immobilization on the polystyrene surface]. / Opredelenie optimal'nykh uslovii immobilizatsii gemoproteidov na poverkhnosti polistirolovykh plashek.

The effect of pH, buffer composition, salts concentration and protein content on the immobilization efficiency of peroxidase, hemoglobin and their conjugates with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied. All the substances were immobilized on the surface of polystyrene matrix. When using the 0.01 M carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.6) immobilization of soluble substances is optimal. It was shown that the sorption efficiency of hemoproteins and their conjugates with BSA is considerably enhanced by drying solution containing ammonium bicarbonate. The increase of ammonium bicarbonate concentration from 0.13 M to 0.5 M leads to the process intensification.

[The treatment of acquired deficiency of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in the early stages of chronic obstructive lung diseases]. / Lechenie priobretennogo defitsita al'fa 1-ingibitora proteinaz na rannikh stadiiakh khronicheskikh obstruktivnykh zabolevanii legkikh.

A new treatment scheme is proposed with a differential approach to correction of acquired deficiency of proteinase alpha-1 inhibitor. The treatment includes periodically repeated courses of antioxidant agents. In case of failure antioxidant agents are supplemented with courses of substitutive therapy by courses of proteolysis inhibitors up to normalization. Further treatment included repeated courses of antioxidant treatment for a more prolonged remission and prophylaxis of exacerbations.