ABSTRACT
In this article, we examine whether stakeholder engagement impacts firms' ability to raise debt during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using firm-level data from 51 countries, we find that firms with greater stakeholder engagement obtain higher debt financing during the COVID-19 pandemic. This effect is more pronounced for riskier firms, highlighting the importance of maintaining relationships with stakeholders. Moreover, we find that stakeholder engagement facilitates higher debt financing for less asset-intensive firms and firms in emerging economies. Our empirical analysis reinforces the role of firms' stakeholder engagement in mitigating the adverse impact of economic shocks.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar sistematicamente as evidências disponíveis para recidiva do tratamento da mordida aberta esquelética usando dispositivos de ancoragem temporária e cirurgia ortognática. Material e Métodos: Cinco bases de dados eletrônicas como MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCIELO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, EMBASE foram pesquisadas sistematicamente até junho de 2020. Os estudos de qualidade metodológica foram classificados por meio da Ferramenta de Avaliação de Qualidade do Projeto de Práticas de Saúde Pública Eficazes (EPHPP). Resultados: No total, 1.005 estudos foram identificados para triagem e 6 estudos foram elegíveis. O instrumento de avaliação da qualidade apresentou qualidade moderada para todos os estudos. A correção imediata pós-tratamento da mordida aberta foi melhor nos estudos cirúrgicos do que nos estudos tratados com TADs. Conclusão: A estabilidade dos resultados do tratamento da mordida aberta anterior foi comparável nos casos tratados em ambas as modalidades de tratamento. A recidiva da mordida aberta anterior foi associada a casos em que a sobremordida pós-tratamento foi mínima. A sobremordida parece ser mais estável quando apenas a maxila foi operada do que com cirurgias bimaxilares. A rotação anti-horária da mandíbula com subsequente redução da altura facial anterior foi melhor na correção cirúrgica do que através de TADs (AU)
Objective: The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the available evidence for relapse of skeletal open bite treatment using temporary anchorage devices and orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: Five electronic databases such as MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCIELO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, EMBASE were systematically searched up to June 2020. Methodological quality studies were graded by means of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool. Results: In total, 1005 studies were identified for screening, and 6 studies were eligible. The quality assessment tool showed moderate quality for all the studies. The immediate post treatment correction of open bite was better in the surgical studies than in the studies treated with TADs. Conclusion: Stability of treatment results of anterior openbite was comparable in cases treated in both the treatment modalities. Relapse of anterior open bite was associated with cases in which the posttreatment overbite was minimal. Overbite seems to be more stable when only the maxilla has been operated on than with bi-maxillary surgeries. Counterclockwise rotation of the mandible with subsequent reduction of anterior facial height was better in surgical correction than through TADs. (AU)
Subject(s)
Surgery, Oral , Open Bite , Suture Anchors , Orthognathic SurgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dual antiplatelet therapy is the current standard of care after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We intended to study the pattern of use of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI and the effect of switching over to other P2Y12 receptor inhibition on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: All patients aged > 18 years who had been admitted with acute coronary syndrome and had been provided ticagrelor as the second antiplatelet agent were included as study participants. The primary outcome of the study was the composite outcome of death, recurrent myocardial infarctions, re-intervention, and major bleeding. We studied 321 patients (54 female patients, 16.82%). The mean age of the patients was 56.65 ± 11.01 years. Ticagrelor was stopped in 76.7% on follow-up. It was stopped in 6.3%, 13.5%, 13.1%, 21.9%, and 45.1% of patients during the first month but after discharge, between first and third months, between 3 and 6 months, between 6 and 12 months, and after 12 months, respectively. In the majority of patients, ticagrelor was replaced by clopidogrel (97.9%). It was stopped according to the physician's discretion in 79.3% of patients, whereas it was the cost of the drug that made the patient to get swapped to another agent in 18.6%. No difference in the primary composite outcome was observed between the groups where ticagrelor was continued post 12 months and ticagrelor was continued and ticagrelor was switched-over to another agent. Similarly, no difference in death, recurrent myocardial infarctions, re-interventions, or major bleeding manifestations was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In patients with acute coronary syndrome who undergo PCI, we observed that early discontinuation of ticagrelor and switching over to other P2Y12 inhibitors after discharge did not affect clinical outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Isolated single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare anomaly. Current classification of left and right is further classified based on the course of the anomalous vessel. We report two SCA L cases where right coronary artery (RCA) arose from mid-left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Our observation is a variation from the current Lipton classification SCA L Type II where RCA arose from left coronary artery before the LAD, in our cases the RCA arose from mid LAD after the first septal perforator. We believe that this variant should be described as SCA L Type II variant 2 (V2) while the original Lipton classification should be described as SCA L Type II variant 1 (V1).