Gastric duplication cyst in the adult. A case report.

Gastric duplication cyst is a very rare congenital anomaly accounting up to 4-9% of all gastrointestinal tract duplications. It is a quite rare anomaly in adults, the majority of cases are diagnosed in the neonatal period. Gastric duplication cysts are usually asymptomatic in the adult. They are usually discovered incidentally in TAC or RMN, although the best specificity diagnostic test is the echoendoscopy. The best election treatment is the surgical complete extirpation. We describe a case of an adult patient who is diagnosed of the incidentally gastric cyst duplication.

El quiste de duplicación gástrico es una anomalía congénita muy rara que representa entre 4 y 9% de todas las duplicaciones del aparato digestivo. Es una alteración bastante rara en el adulto y la mayoría de los casos se diagnostica en el periodo neonatal. En el adulto suele cursar de forma asintomática y la TC o RMN la descubren de forma incidental, aunque la prueba que la diagnóstica con mayor eficacia es la ecoendoscopia. La extirpación quirúrgica completa de la lesión se considera el tratamiento de elección. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con un quiste de duplicación gástrico diagnosticado de forma incidental.

Central adiposity in children born small and large for gestational age.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate body composition differences between children that were born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) compared with their counterparts born adequate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS: Body composition was assessed in 124 healthy Caucasian children (50% girls) aged 6-10, classified according to their birth weight for gestational age as AGA, SGA and LGA. Fat mass (FM), percentage of FM, lean mass (LM), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the whole body and at different body regions. RESULTS: LM (adjusted for age and sex) and total BMC (adjusted for age, sex and weight) were both significantly higher in LGA children and lower in SGA when compared with those born AGA. After adjustments for height, LM and BMC differences between groups were not significant. In SGA children, truncal (P<0.05) and abdominal fatness (P<0.01) were higher when compared with both AGA and LGA children, after adjustments for age, sex and height. There were no differences in the percentage of total and central FM between children born LGA and AGA. CONCLUSIONS: During childhood, children born SGA had higher central adiposity regardless of their body size. Children born LGA seem to have a higher body size but with harmonic body composition and adequate body fat distribution. Small size for gestational age at birth could programme excess abdominal fat deposition in children, which is a major factor for the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors defining the metabolic syndrome.

Sex-specific charts for abdominal circumference in term and near-term Caucasian newborns.

AIMS: Abdominal circumference (AC) assessment may be used as an index of abdominal visceral size, fetal fat store, and intrauterine nutrition. The aim of this study is to construct sex-specific references and smoothed percentiles for AC at birth in term and near-term Caucasian infants. METHODS: AC was measured in 4542 singleton newborns (2323 males, 2219 females), at a gestational age > or =35 weeks. Smoothed percentiles for AC were constructed by sex and gestational age according to the LMS method. RESULTS: Males had higher AC than females but differences were only statistically significant beyond 37 weeks. AC increased from 35 to 41 weeks in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Sex-specific references constructed for AC in term and near-term Caucasian newborns might be used, as other anthropometric parameters, in the assessment of nutritional status at birth.

[Meal replacement as a dietary therapy for weight control. Assessment in males and females with different degrees of obesity]. / Sustitutivos de una comida como terapia dietética en el control de peso. Evaluación en hombres y mujeres con diferentes grados de obesidad.

Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in the fat in adipose tissue above certain limits, manifested by morphological alterations and excess weight. This condition is one of the most significant epidemics of this century due to over-eating and the ease of access to food. On the other hand, the direct relationship between obesity and the greater risk of suffering cardiovascular disease, diabetes or cancer means that consumers are demanding products, whether medicines or foodstuffs, that will allow them to overcome this situation and improve both their physical appearance and their health. The goal of this project was to identify the efficacy and safety of a dietary product, a meal replacement, within the setting of a balanced hypocaloric diet established for weight loss. To this end, a total of 47 volunteers of both sexes between the ages of 23 and 58, all employees of the Hero España, S.A. company, took part in a test in which eleven of them acted as the "control group" and ate only the low-calorie diet while the rest formed a "problem group" and replaced one meal (with a minimum of 500 calories) with a 200-calorie meal replacement. Participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements, blood pressure testing and a blood chemistry analysis before and after the test period, as well as to weekly weight checks. Those individuals with the highest Body Mass Index showed a greater weight loss than those with a lower index. The volunteers did not note any hunger pangs until three hours after consumption of the meal replacement and the health-status parameters analyzed did not show any anomalous values. Therefore, it is concluded that the replacement product studied allows controlled weight loss over 3 weeks when accompanied by a balanced low-calorie diet and it also produces a sensation of fullness in those consuming it.

Gender differences in newborn subcutaneous fat distribution.

UNLABELLED: The pattern and distribution of subcutaneous fat in term and preterm newborns has been assessed by skinfold thicknesses (ST), describing gender and gestational age variations. Weight, length and ST (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were measured in 4634 neonates (2445 males and 2189 females) aged from 32 to 41 gestational weeks. Central to total skinfold ratio (CTS), (suprailiac + subscapular)/sum of 4 ST, was calculated. Males were heavier and longer than females. The sum of 4 ST and CTS was higher in females at every gestational age (with significant differences from 35 weeks) and also the sum of 4 ST per kg body weight (P < 0.05 from 32-33 weeks). Throughout the gestational period, ST increased significantly (P < 0.0001) but CTS did not show variations, neither in males nor in females. CONCLUSION: term and preterm females have a more centralised pattern and more amount of subcutaneous fat than males. Central to total skinfold ratio must be considered as an index of centripetal fat store which is independant of gestational age.