Intention of Staff and Students to Use Internal Whistleblowing to Report Sexual Violence: A Case Study of a Nigerian University.

Sexual violence with its enormous negative consequences has become an epidemic most especially among the young populations. An effective danger-proof reporting system is necessary for curbing this menace including use of the internal whistleblowing mechanism. The study employed a concurrent (parallel) mixed method descriptive design for explaining the sexual violence experiences of university students, the intention of staff and students to blow the whistle, and their preferred whistleblowing strategies. A total of 167 students and 42 members of staff (69% males and 31% females, respectively) were randomly selected from four academic departments (50%) of a university of technology in Southwest Nigeria. An adapted questionnaire containing three vignettes on sexual violence and a focus group discussion guide were used for data collection. We discovered that 16.1% of the students reported to have experienced sexual harassment, 12.3% had attempted rape, and 2.6% had experienced rape. Tribe (Likelihood-Ratio, LR = 11.16; p = .004) and sex (χ2 = 12.65; p = .001) were strongly associated with sexual violence experiences. Also, 50% staff and 47% students had high intention. Regression analysis showed that industrial and production engineering students will be 2.8 times more likely to have intention to internally blow the whistle more than other students (p = .03; 95% CI [1.1, 6.97]). Female staff had 5.73 odds of intention more than male staff (p = .05; [1.02, 32.1]). Also, we observed that senior staff will 31% less likely blow the whistle than the junior staff (Adjusted Odd Ratio, AOR = 0.04; [0.00, 0.98]; p = .05). In our qualitative findings, courage was mentioned as a factor necessary for blowing the whistle while anonymous reporting was emphasized for successful whistleblowing. However, the students preferred external whistleblowing. The study has implication for the establishment of sexual violence internal whistleblowing reporting system in higher education institutions.

Influence of Gender and Age on Psychosocial Adjustment of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Calabar; Nigeria

Purpose: Health and adjustment to chronic health conditions are often affected by various sociodemographic variables. This study assessed the influence of gender and age on the psychological; social and spiritual adjustment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Calabar; Cross River State; Nigeria. Materials and methods: A comparative descriptive research design was adopted to study 280subjects selected from two health facilities within the study area. A validated adjustment questionnaire was the instrument for data collection while stratified random sampling involving balloting with replacement was used for sample selection. Results: Results showed a significant influence of gender on the respondents' psychological; social and spiritual adjustment (Cal.t=7.89; 4.05; 3.78 Crit.t=1.96). The males adjusted better than the females. Similarly; age of respondents exerted significant influence on psychological adjustment (Cal.F=5.54 Crit.F.=2.37) but not on social and spiritual adjustment (Cal.F=1.67; 0.56 Crit.F