ABSTRACT
Sphingolipids are involved in cell signaling and metabolic pathways, and their metabolites play a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review the known mechanisms of sphingolipids in viral infections and discuss the potential implication of the study of sphingolipid metabolism in vaccine and therapeutic development.
Subject(s)
Sphingolipids , Virus Diseases , Humans , Sphingolipids/metabolism , Virus Diseases/drug therapy , Signal Transduction , Lipid Metabolism , Metabolic Networks and Pathways , Sphingosine/metabolismABSTRACT
A 54-year-old male farmer with a history of long-standing uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c 10.8) presented with a 3-week history of fever, intermittent vomiting, malaise and left flank pain for which he was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and oral antifungals for Candida isolated from urine culture. CT of the abdomen revealed predominant involvement of the left kidney and retroperitoneal structures. Nephrectomy was performed due to worsening abdominal pain and features of bowel perforation found on imaging. Pus culture from the necrotic kidney grew aseptate fungal hyphae, and the histopathological examination was suggestive of zygomycosis. He received amphotericin B postoperatively, but his condition deteriorated and he succumbed to nosocomial gram-negative septicaemia.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Pyelonephritis , Colon , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Gangrene , Humans , Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Pyelonephritis/complications , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/drug therapyABSTRACT
We have described two cases of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia presenting with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction with normal liver enzymes and serum lactate. These older adults presented predominantly with constitutional symptoms, silent hypoxia, distended abdomen, sluggish bowel sounds, and colonic dilatation supported by abdominal imaging (plain X-ray and computerized tomography of abdomen) to a tertiary care center in South India. Both patients received standard treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction according to available guidelines but succumbed to complications during hospital stay. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection requires high index of suspicion as it warrants early mitigation by cessation of offending agents, optimizing electrolytes, and colonic decompression to prevent morbidity and mortality.
