[Biologically active substances of cornelian cherry fruits (Cornus mas L.)].

10 samples of fresh-frozen cornelian cherry fruits (Cornus mas L.), collected in the Tambov and the Caucasus regions, were investigated for the total amount and composition of the main biologically active substances (BAS): anthocyanins (AC), proanthocyanidins (OPC), dihydroxycinnamic acids (DHCA), iridoids, organic acids, mono- and disaccharides and antiradical activity in the DPPH-test in vitro. Total phenolics content determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 150-400 mg/100 g fresh fruit weight. The OPC content, estimated by Bate-Smith method, varied from 20-25 mg/100 g of unripe cornelian cherries to 80-430 mg/100 g of mature cornelian cherries. Total AC amount evaluated by pH-differential spectrophotometry was minimal in unripe fruits (11,2 mg/100 g), and maximal in mature fruits (92,2 mg/100 g). Profile of individual AC was determined by HPLC with UV/Vis and ESI-TOF-MS detections. 3-galactosides of cyanidin (19,0-80,3%) and pelargonidin (15,1-75,6%) were found as main anthocyanins. An original methodology for iridoid determination based on HPLC with UV and ESI-TOF-MS detection was developed. The main iridoids were identified as loganic acid, loganin, sweroside and cornuside. Total iridoids content was 130-400 mg/100 g, and loganic acid was predominant in all samples (87,6-94,8%). Only minor amount of the DHCA derivatives (<10 mg/100 g) were found. The malic acid was predominant among organic acids, the total content of which varied from 0,4 to 2,8%. Relatively high amount of ascorbic acid (35-60 mg/100 g) was found. The carbohydrates profile of cornielian cherries was represented by fructose (2,2-3,8%) and glucose (2,5-7,0%). 70% water-ethanol extracts of Cornus mas fruits have showed pronounced antiradical activity in DPPH-test (470,5-932,0 mg TE/100 g). The data on specific minor BAS can be used in the standardization and evaluation of potential biological activity of extracts and dietary supplements based on the cornelian cherry fruits.

[Immunorehabilitation in patients with paecilomycosis-complicated echinococcosis and asthma].

Paecilomycosis is a new type of systemic mycosis caused by different species of fungi of the genus Paecilomyces. Paecilomycosis-complicated echinococcosis and asthma run a severe course. A complication of mycosis is accompanied by secondary immunodeficiency. A good result was obtained in the treatment of ill children by using the fungicide diflucan and the immunomodulator polyoxidonium. In the examinees with paecilomycosis-complicated echinococcosis, secondary immunodeficiency was characterized by a statistical significant reduction in the blood levels of the lymphoid cells CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD21+, by phagocytosis, a decrease in its quantitative parameters, and an increase in the counts of immunoglobulins and circulating immunocomplexes. To normalize the immune status in patients with paecilomycosis-complicated echinococcosis, it is expedient to postsurgicallyuse fungicides, such as nizoral, diflucan, orungal, mycosyst, and the immunomodulators polyoxidonium and irillen.

[Transformation of the fungus Paecilomyces variotii and the causes of host cell lysis at the boundary with a fungal mycelium-containing Echinococcus capsule].

Experiments were carried out on animal species. The experiments used 30-day chicks, 80 rats, and 70 rabbits. Three hundred and twenty-nine patients with echinococcus complicated by paecilomycosis were meticulously examined. The fungi of the genus Paecilomyces undergo two transformation directions: the saprotrophic mycelial form of the fungus Paecilomyces variotii transforms to the tissue parasitic one as a globular form of spherules that transforms to the mycelial form in larval Echinococcus infection because the cyst capsule is a favorable environment for growth of fungal mycelia. The growth and aggressiveness of larval Echinococcus in the human lung are associated with the fact that fungal mycelial fibrous tunic contains Paecilomyces that have been first used to isolate active hyaluronidase that lyses host cells. Pulmonary echinococcosis complicated by the tissue form of paecilomycosis can be complicated by the mycelial form of the fungus of the genus Paecilomyces, by afflicting the nails and skin of patients, which requires particular treatment after surgery for hydatid disease. The chicks that had been brooded in an incubator and grown under special conditions to rule out fungal infection were first contaminated with the fungal mycelium labeled with methionine, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, or iodine. Each chick received 0.5 g of the labeled fungal mycelium. Regardless of the contamination mode, all the chicks from 3 groups were infected with Paecilomyces; the spherules exhibited labeled isotopes. Thus, it has been first conclusively proven that the diagnosis of paecilomycosis based on the blood detection of fungal globular spherules is valid and easy-to-use in any health care facility.

[Amino acid exchange in paeci lomycosis-complicated echinococcosis].

The authors have detected atypical paecilomycosis-associated myocarditis with impaired amino acid exchange and pain syndrome for the first time. At first, pain occurs in the chest and radiates into the axilla, to the left arm to the finger tips, by paralyzing the arm. In some patients, pain manifests itself in both arms with radiation to the belly, by accompanying by fainting. The skin is wet, cold; the pulse is frequent and of poor volume and difficult-to-count. Heart pain spreads into the armpit and down the arm, by making the fingers numb. Attempts to use current analgesics (movalis, sirdalud, nimesil, morphine) in combination with fungicides (diflucan, mycosist, orungal) have failed to yield positive results. The homeopathic drug Latrodectus mactans, prepared from caracurt venom, in combination with the authors' designed diet and other homeopathic agents have relieved pain syndrome and normalized amino acid exchange, which offered possibilities for successful surgical treatment for echinococcosis with later recovery.

[Echinococcosis complicated by paecilomycosis].

Two hundred and thirty-six echinococcosis patients aged 17 to 70 years were examined for paecilomycosis. Seventy-five subjects of different ages who were considered to be clinically healthy were prepared as a control. Of them who had physiological parameters of blood fungi, 24 subjects, including 9 subjects aged 17 to 23 years and 15 subjects aged 15 to 30 years, were eligible. The other examinees were patients with paecilomycosis of varying stages. Nizoral, fluconazole, diflucan, orungal, mycosyst, and teknazol, which have been tested by the authors, are proposed for use in paecilomycosis-complicated echinococcosis prior to and after surgery. It is advisable to use one fungicide. In this respect, the authors have conducted clinical trials that have yielded positive results.

[Food supplements and medicines of vegetative origin. Safety estimation and standardization]. / Biologicheskie dobavki k pishche i lekarstvennye sredstva rastitel'nogo proiskhozhdeniia. Otsenka bezopasnosti i stendartizatsiia.

The article describes the modern legislative and normative base of both Russian made and foreign made food supplements turnover. The main requirements to them. The reasons for banning the use of some particular ingredients in food supplements formula are substantiated. The ways of improving the normative base for food supplements as well as for medicines of vegetative origin are proposed. The conclusion is made, that this base is more perfect than for the medicines, produced from herbs.

[Antimicrobial, echinococcidial and immunostimulating properties of the drug Cheblin-SK-1]. / Protivomikrobnye, protivoékhinokokkoznye i immunostimuliruiushchie svoistva preparata Cheblin-SK-1.

The antimicrobial properties of the drug Cheblin-CK-1 (CCK-1) were determined in mice intraabdominally inoculated with Proteus mirabilis-4691 in a dose of 140-200 million daily cultured microbial bodies. Its comparison agent was ampicillin. CCK-1 was found to act as an antibiotic similar to ampicillin in its effects. The antimicrobial activity of CCK-1 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from the contents of echinococcal cysts from patients operated on was also established. Its echinococcidial activity was found in experiments on the cotton rats and piglets inocculated with echinococci. CCK-1 was also tested on volunteers. Before surgery, 186 patients with echinococcosis took the drug and 26 patients with the same disease did not and they served as controls. At first the drug suppressed the growth of parasitic larvocysts with destruction and death of 85-95% of germinal elements of larvocysts and then killed parasites. In patients receiving a complete course of its therapy, protein and amino acid metabolisms restored, followed by immunity recovery.

[Experience in using phytopreparations to prevent and correct inflammatory urinary tract diseases]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia fitopreparatov na osnove pishchevogo rastitel'nogo syr'ia dlia profilaktiki i korrektsii vospalitel'nykh patologii mochepolovoi sistemy.

The waste of some fruits, berries, and vegetables, which are accumulated by food industries (juice-extracting, wine, confectionery, and other industries) and generally completely utilized was pharmacognistically and phytochemically analyzed. The phytochemical analysis showed that the study objects (black currant, raspberry, viburnum, red and black mountain ashes, and grape fruit bagasses and melon, squash, and tomato seeds) contain a lot of lipophilic fractions (fatty oil) that present a complex of valuable biologically active substances. The developed recipes of phytopreparations are safe-and-easy-to-use and can be successfully used in patients with chronic inflammatory uterine appendage diseases and in those who present a difficult cohort of patients with lower urinary tract dysfunctions which are hardly correctable and require sophisticated choice of adequate drug therapy.

[Immunity induced by immunomodulators during echinococcal immunosuppression]. / Immunitet pri vvedenii immunomoduliatorov na fone ékhinokokkovoi immunosupressii.

The echinococcal immunosuppression induced in experimental mice by a human parasite strain is accompanied by immunosuppression, whereby the administration of immunomodulants favors normalization of the cell and humoral immunity chains. Among a series of preparations studied, the best results were obtained for polyoxidonium: in the case of immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphan, polyoxidonium administration led normalization of the cell and humoral immunity and the phagocytosis of neutrophils and macrophages.

[A trial of the preparation Cheblin-SK-1 in models of nematodiases]. / Ispytanie preparata Cheblin-SK-1 na modeliakh nematodozov.

A kerosene milky-stage walnut (Juglans spp.) extract, a folk medication, has come into wide use in the past 30 years. The drug CK-I was prepared on a scientific basis. Its acute toxicity and toxicological profile were studied on albino mice and rats, chickens, chicken embryos, piglets. The maximum non-lethal dose of CK-I was 19 g/kg for albino mice and 21 g/kg for albino rats. The drug can be classified as i.v. hazard class. The anthelmintic effects of CK-I were examined in mice with cyphaciasis and in chickens with ascariasis and heterakiasis. In murine cyphaciasis, CK-I given in a dose of 75 mg/kg to albino mice provided 100% efficiency. Its doses of 800 and 1000 mg/kg were required to achieve this effect in chick ascariasis and heterakiasis, respectively.

[Experimental echinococcosis and alveococcosis and a trial of the preparation SK-1]. / Eksperimental'nyi ékhinokokkoz i al'veokokkoz i ispytanie preparata SK-1.

In autobred albino mice, the maximum nonlethal dose of the agent CK-1 was established, which was 19.0 g/kg, the agent was nontoxic. Cotton rats aged 30-45 days were infected by alveococcosis from a donor rat. The methods and formulas developed by Mikhailitsin et al. were used during experiments and investigations. At the beginning of treatment, 5 rats were found to have a great deal of parasitic larvocysts (PL) 10 days after infection. Eight rats formed a control group, 8 were treated with CK-1 in a constantly increasing doses of 0.1, 0.26, and 0.34 g/kg for 3 weeks. Following 40 days of infection, the animals were anesthesized and CK-1 was ascertained to have a high antialveococcal activity: the index of suppressed PL growth was 90.23 to 92.74%. In 14 piglets aged 1 month, infected by echinococcosis strains and treated CK-1 in high doses, was established to cause echinococcal death. In 14 puppies, the agent was highly effective in strobular echinococcosis.