3D Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography: description of the technique and results / Histerosonosalpingografía con contraste 3D: descripción de la técnica y resultados

Objective: To describe the 3-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (3D-HyCoSy) technique and analyze our results with 2 contrast agents: SonoVue® and ExEm Foam®. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study of 160 infertility patients with unknown tubal patency. Results: Bilateral tubal patency was diagnosed in 102/153 (66.7%) patients. A similar proportion of bilateral occlusion was observed with both SonoVue® 5/87 (5.7%) and ExEm foam® 4/66 (6.1%) (p = 0.52). Intrauterine disease was suspected in 33/155 (21.3%) patients: 20% (18/90) with SonoVue® and 23.1% (15/65) with ExEm Foam® (p = 0.644). The visual analog scale (VAS) revealed mild pain (VAS ≤ 4: 86.4% [70/81] with SonoVue® vs. 86.8% [59/68]) with ExEm Foam® (p = 0.951). A pediatric nasogastric probe was easily used to cannulate the cervical os in 128/159 (80.5%) cases. The volume of ExEm foam® used was lower than that of SonoVue® (median: 3 cc vs.20 cc, p < 0.001). Conclusion: 3D-HyCoSy is a reliable, well-tolerated, and effortless tool for the sonographic assessment of sterility. The results were similar with both contrast agents (AU)

Objetivo: describir la técnica y analizar nuestros resultados con histerosonosalpingografía con contraste 3D (HyCoSy-3D) utilizando SonoVue® y Exem Foam®. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal en 160 pacientes estériles con permeabilidad tubárica desconocida. Resultados: l 66,7% (102/153) de las pacientes tuvo permeabilidad tubárica bilateral. El diagnóstico de obstrucción tubárica bilateral fue similar utilizando SonoVue® 5/87 (5,7%) y Exem Foam® 4/66 (6,1%), p = 0,52. Diagnosticamos patología intrauterina en 33/155 (21,3%) de las pacientes, 20% (18/90) con SonoVue® vs. 23,1% (15/65) p = 0,644. El dolor percibido resultó leve en la mayoría de los casos (escala visual analógica ≤ 4; 86,4% (70/81) SonoVue® vs. 86,8% (59/68), p = 0,951). La canalización cervical fue sencilla con sonda nasogástrica pediátrica en 128/159 (80,5%). Exem Foam® precisó un menor volumen instilado (mediana: 3 cc vs. 20 cc, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: la HyCoSy-3D es una prueba tolerable, sencilla y rentable para el estudio ecográfico en esterilidad. Ambos contrastes mostraron similares resultados (AU)

Impacto de la linfadenectomía retroperitoneal sistemática en el cáncer de ovario avanzado sin ganglios clínicamente sospechosos / Impact of systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in advanced ovarian cancer without clinically suspect lymph nodes

Objetivo: investigar el impacto de la linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática durante la cirugía de citorreducción primaria o la cirugía de intervalo, en pacientes con cáncer de ovario avanzado sin ganglios clínicamente sospechosos. Material y métodos: estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo analítico. Se revisaron un total de 42 pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de ovario avanzado en el Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro entre junio de 2009 y abril de 2016, a las que se practicó una citorreducción primaria o una cirugía de intervalo completa (R0) u óptima (R < 1) y que no presentaban ganglios sospechosos y/o agrandados en el estudio preoperatorio o durante la exploración quirúrgica. Se estimó la supervivencia libre de progresión, la supervivencia global y el patrón de recurrencia en el grupo con linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática y en el grupo sin linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática. Resultados: de las 42 pacientes incluidas en el estudio, en 31 se realizó una linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática y en 11 no. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 32,4 meses, diagnosticándose una recurrencia en el 76,2% de las pacientes y fallecimiento en el 45,2%. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la supervivencia libre de progresión, la supervivencia global ni en el patrón de recaída entre el grupo de pacientes con linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática y el grupo sin linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática. Conclusión: no se ha observado que la linfadenectomía pélvica y paraaórtica sistemática en el cáncer de ovario avanzado sin ganglios clínicamente sospechosos se asocie a una mejora en la superviviencia de las pacientes (AU)

Objective: To investigate the impact of systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy during primary cytoreduction surgery or interval debulking surgery in patients with advanced ovarian cancer without clinically suspected lymph nodes. Material and methods: Observational, longitudinal, analytical and retrospective study. A total of 42 patients diagnosed of advanced ovarian cancer without suspected and/or enlarged lymph nodes in the preoperative study or during the surgical exploration and that were submitted a complete (R0) or optimal (R < 1) primary cytoreduction surgery or interval debulking surgery, were reviewed at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital between June 2009 and April 2016. Progression-free survival, overall survival, and recurrence pattern were estimated in the pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and non-pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy groups. Results: Of the 42 patients included in the study, 31 were submitted to a pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and 11 were not. The median follow-up was 32.4 months, diagnosing a recurrence in 76.2% of the patients and death in 45.2%. No statistically significant differences were found in progression-free survival, overall survival and recurrence pattern between the group of patients with pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and non-pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: It has not been observed that pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in avanced ovarian cancer without clinically suspected lymph nodes, is associated with an improvement in patients survival (AU)

Reproducibility of first trimester three-dimensional placental measurements.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess intra and interobserver reproducibility of placental volume and vascularization during the first trimester of pregnancy studied by three dimensional ultrasonography and angio power Doppler. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study in 69 singleton pregnancies. Once the bi-dimensional protocol study was carried out, we performed a 3D-US (three-dimensional ultrasonography) of the placenta by abdominal ultrasonography. The Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis program was used to evaluate the placental volume (PV), the placental quotient (PQ: placental volume/crown-rump length) and the vascular indices (vascularization index VI, flow index FI and vascularization-flow index VFI). The intraobserver and interobserver variability were respectively expressed as an intraclass correlation coefficient (Intra-CC) and interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC). RESULTS: Intraobserver correlation for PV was excellent with an Intra-CC of 0.97 while an Inter-CC of 0.71 demonstrated less agreement between observers. In the same way, PQ showed better intraobserver than interobserver correlation, with an Intra-CC of 0.97 and an inter-CC of 0.67. The analyzed vascular indices had both excellent intraobserver and interobserver correlation coefficients, with values of 0.98 and 0.96 for VI, 0.93 and 0.89 for FI and 0.97 and 0.95 for VFI, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrate an excellent intra and inter-observer reproducibility for vascular indices and a good reproducibility of the evaluated Doppler indices with intra-CC higher than 0.90. PV and PQ were also reproducible most of all within the same observer. As a conclusion, first trimester tridimensional sonography is a reproducible tool for the systematic study of placental vascularization.

Cirugía citorreductora en cáncer epitelial de ovario en estadios avanzados / Cytoreductive surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

Objetivos: analizar los resultados quirúrgicos de citorreducción primaria y de intervalo en cáncer de ovario avanzado en el Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda. Material y métodos: las pacientes incluidas en el estudio fueron mujeres tratadas en nuestro centro de carcinoma epitelial de ovario en estadios III-IV entre 2009 y 2014. Resultados: un total de 39 pacientes fueron incluidas en el estudio. En el 41,03% de los casos se realizó cirugía de citorreducción primaria y en el 58,97% cirugía de intervalo. Se encontró afectación del espacio retrohepático en el 20,5% de los casos. La citorreducción completa se pudo realizar en el 82,1% de los casos. Conclusiones: en nuestro centro conseguimos cirugía de citorreducción completa en un alto porcentaje de casos debido a la colaboración de un equipo multidisciplinar, integrado por ginecólogos y cirujanos generales, capaces de abordar la enfermedad visible, tanto en el hemiabdomen inferior como en el superior (AU)

Objective: To analyze surgical results in primary and interval cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer in the Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital (Madrid, Spain). Material and methods: We included women with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent surgery in our centre between 2009 and 2014. Results: A total of 39 patients were included in this study. Of these, 41.03% underwent primary cytoreductive surgery and 58.97% underwent interval surgery. We found retrohepatic evidence of tumour in 20.5% of the patients. Complete cytoreductive surgery was feasible in 82.1%. Conclusions: In our centre, a high percentage of complete cytoreductive surgery was achieved due to the cooperation of a multidisciplinary team composed of gynaecologists and gastrointestinal surgeons, able to deal with visible disease, in both the lower and upper abdomen (AU)

Schwannoma en espina dorsal en gestante de 24 semanas / Spinal cord schwannoma in a 24-week pregnant woman

El schwanoma en la espina dorsal es una entidad poco frecuente cuyo principal problema es la sintomatología causada por el aumento de tamaño y su consecuente compresión medular. Una peculiaridad de esta neoplasia benigna es la presencia de receptores para estrógenos y progesterona en las células de Schwann, que se ha relacionado con un mayor crecimiento de estos tumores en pacientes gestantes(AU)

Schwannoma of the spine is a rare entity. The main problem caused by this tumor are the symptoms provoked by its increasing size and the consequent spinal cord compression. A peculiarity of this benign neoplasm is the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in Schwann cells, which has been linked to greater growth of these tumors in pregnant patients(AU)

[Reproducibility of the fetal nasal bone measurement by means of bidimensional and three-dimensional ecography during the second trimester of the pregnancy]. / Reproducibilidad de la medición del hueso nasal fetal mediante ecografía bidimensional y tridimensional durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo.

AIMS: The utility of the valuation-measurement of the nasal bone in the prognosis of chromosomopaties during the second trimester of the pregnancy is demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repeatability of nasal bone measurement during second trimester with bidimensional and three-dimensional sonography. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Nasal bone was measured in 50 single pregnancies. First observer carried out two measures of nasal bone with bidimensional sonography, and 1 measure with three-dimensional sonography. Second observer carried out just one measure with bidimensional sonography (2D) and just another one with three-dimensional sonography (3D). We studied the intraobserver variability with 2D sonography, and the interobserver variability with 2D and 3D sonography. RESULTS: 2D-sonography: nasal bone measurement showed excellent intraobserver correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0,87 (CI 95%: 0,78-0,93) and a little means difference of 0,18 (SD: 0,74). Indeed, there was a good interobserver correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0,92 (CI 95%: 0,85-0,95), and a means difference of 0,14 (SD: 0,56). 3D-sonography: there was a acceptable interobserver correlation with correlation coefficient of 0,70 (CI 95%: 0,52-0,82). CONCLUSION: Nasal bone measurement is highly reproducible by means of bidimensional sonography while using three-dimensional sonography, the results are just acceptable.