Postoperative management and nursing care after implantation of a total artificial heart: Scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: End-stage heart failure (HF) is a condition whose only successful long-term treatment, with a survival of more than 10 years, is heart transplantation. However, limited organ availability and the progressive increase in the number of patients with advanced HF have served as an impetus for the development of implantable mechanical assistive devices. AIM: To provide an overview of postoperative management and nursing care after the implementation of a Total Artificial Heart (TAH). METHODS: A scoping review was carried out by consulting the PUBMED, CINAHL, and COCHRANE databases. From all the documents located, information was extracted on the date of publication, country of publication, type of study, and results of interest to answer the research question. In addition, the degree of recommendation was identified. RESULTS: Twenty-three documents were included in the scoping review. Results were classified in relation to: 1) description of the CAT SynCardia®; 2) nursing care in the immediate postoperative period (management of the device and management of hematological, infectious, nephrological, nutritional complications, related to immobilization, sleep-rest disturbances, psychological disorders, and patient and family education); and 3) follow-up at home. CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of implantation of the TAH, the multiple related complications that can arise during this process, both in the immediate post-operative and late, require a standardised and multidisciplinary management. The absence of standardised protocols raises the need for future studies to measure the effectiveness of care in patients with TAH. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial. Nurses must acquire autonomy and involvement in decision-making and develop competencies to address the patient's and family's physiological and psychosocial needs.

Reduced sedation and increased ethanol consumption in knock-in mice expressing an ethanol insensitive alpha 2 subunit of the glycine receptor.

Previous studies have shown the presence of several subunits of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) in the reward system, specifically in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus Accumbens (nAc). It was suggested that GlyR α1 subunits regulate nAc excitability and ethanol consumption. However, little is known about the role of the α2 subunit in the adult brain since it is a subunit highly expressed during early brain development. In this study, we used genetically modified mice with a mutation (KR389-390AA) in the intracellular loop of the GlyR α2 subunit which results in a heteromeric α2ß receptor that is insensitive to ethanol. Using this mouse model denoted knock-in α2 (KI α2), our electrophysiological studies showed that neurons in the adult nAc expressed functional KI GlyRs that were rather insensitive to ethanol when compared with WT GlyRs. In behavioral tests, the KI α2 mice did not show any difference in basal motor coordination, locomotor activity, or conditioned place preference compared with WT littermate controls. In terms of ethanol response, KI α2 male mice recovered faster from the administration of ataxic and sedative doses of ethanol. Furthermore, KI α2 mice consumed higher amounts of ethanol in the first days of the drinking in the dark protocol, as compared with WT mice. These results show that the α2 subunit is important for the potentiation of GlyRs in the adult brain and this might result in reduced sedation and increased ethanol consumption.

Osificación heterotópica de cadera asociada a pancreatitis aguda severa: reporte de un caso / Hip heterotopic ossification associated with severe acute pancreatitis: a case report

La osificación heterotópica (OH), es la formación anormal de hueso maduro dentro de tejidos blandos extra esqueléticos donde normalmente no existe tejido óseo. Varias formas de OH han sido descritas de acuerdo a su presentación clínica, localización y ocurrencia progresiva o aislada. Su presentación en pacientes sometidos a inmovilización prolongada en el contexto de coma farmacológicamente inducido, en ausencia de lesiones del sistema nervioso central, es poco habitual. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 40 años, sexo femenino, sin antecedentes mórbidos, que presenta episodio de pancreatitis aguda grave, manejada en UCI. Producto de lo anterior, requiere coma farmacológicamente inducido por 3 meses y hospitalizaciones reiteradas y prolongadas durante los 10 meses siguientes. Durante 3 años desde la resolución de su cuadro inicial evoluciona con alteración progresiva de la marcha y rigidez de la extremidad inferior derecha, sin eventos traumáticos durante ese período. Se objetiva mediante radiografía y TAC foco de OH coxofemoral derecha. Se resuelve de forma quirúrgica y biopsia de pieza operatoria confirma el diagnóstico. La paciente logra buena recuperación posterior. NIVEL DE EVIDENCIA: IV

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of mature bone within extraskeletal soft tissues where bone does not exist. Various presentation of HO have been described according to the clinical settings and location of the lesions, and progressive or isolated occurrence. A rare form of presentation occurs in induced coma patients with long-term immobilization and without central nervous system injuries. We present the case of a 40 years old female patient, without previous morbidity, who develop a severe acute pancreatitis. The patient requires an intensive care unit management (ICU) and a 3-month pharmacology induced coma and reiterative and prolonged hospitalizations during the next 8 months. During 3 years after resolution of her base disease, patient develops a progressive step claudication and a hip rigidity in adduction and external rotation. A coxofemoral HO focus is confirmed by radiology and CT. A surgical treatment of HO was performed, and the initial diagnose confirmed by anatomic pathology after biopsy of the injury. Patient had a favorable outcome.

Dental sealant knowledge, opinion, values and practice of Spanish dental hygienists.

OBJECTIVES: Dental sealants have proved to be an effective approach to prevent pit and fissure caries. This study examines the knowledge, opinion, values and practice (KOVP) of dental hygienists concerning sealant use in the southwest region of Andalusia, Spain. METHODS: Spanish dental hygienists (n = 400) volunteered to complete a 31-item, self-administered, pretested questionnaire to assess their knowledge, opinion, values and practice regarding pit and fissure sealants. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test, the Friedman nonparametric repeated-measures anova and Spearman's correlation were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The mean scores for knowledge, opinion, values and practice were 3.57 ± 0.41; 2.17 ± 0.42; 2.58 ± 0.77 and 3.56 ± 0.46, respectively. Knowledge differed by years of experience (P < 0.01) and place of work (P < 0.01); opinion differed by years of experience (P = 0.03) and sector (P < 0.01). Similarly, practice about sealants differed by years of experience (P < 0.01). Conversely, values around sealant placement did not statistically differ by sex, years of experience, practice sector or place of work. Statistically, significant correlations were found between knowledge, opinion and value, while it was found no significant correlation between practice and the other variables (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most dental hygienists have sufficient knowledge about pit and fissure sealants. They also acknowledge the importance of use of dental sealants and have positive opinion/attitude about using sealants. Practice of dental sealants in clinics was found adequate. However, they were not following the specific guidelines and standardized procedures.

The effect of partial substitution of Ni by Mg on the structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of the double perovskite Sr2NiTeO6.

In this report, the structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of the freeze-drying synthesized Sr2Ni1-xMgxTeO6 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5) oxides are analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD), electron paramagnetic resonance, diffuse reflectance and magnetic susceptibility. The XRPD and NPD data analysis using the mode-crystallography approach have revealed that at room temperature (RT), all the compositions are monoclinically distorted with the space group I2/m. The high and low temperature analyses have shown that these materials suffer a series of three structural phase transitions. The EPR results have shown that the spectra of all the compositions are centred at g≈ 2.28, indicating a slightly distorted octahedral environment of Ni(2+), which is in agreement with the crystal structure analysis. The increase of the Mg(2+) content in Sr2Ni1-xMgxTeO6, provokes a decrease of the dipolar interaction effects and thus, the resonance becomes narrower. This resonance does not completely disappear which leads to the idea that the long-range magnetic order is not completely established when x≥ 0.3. The substitution of the Ni(2+) (S = 1) ions by Mg(2+) (S = 0) ions, also induces a weakening of the antiferromagnetic interactions, which is reflected in the diminishing of the absolute value of θ and the Néel temperature TN. The magnetic structure determination revealed the existence of an antiferromagnetic coupling for x- and z-spin components of the nickel atoms.

Polymorphism G1359A of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1): allelic frequencies and influence on cardiovascular risk factors in a multicentre study of Castilla-Leon.

BACKGROUND: A polymorphism (1359 G/A) of the CNR1 gene was reported as a common polymorphism in Caucasian populations and was related to cardiovascular risk factors. The present study aimed to investigate the allelic distribution of polymorphism (G1359A) of the CB1 receptor gene in a geographical area of Spain (Community of Castilla y Leon) and to evaluate the influence of this polymorphism on obesity anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in the fasted state in obese patients. METHODS: A population of 341 obese subjects was analysed. Tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance measurement, blood pressure measurement, a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days of written food records and a biochemical analysis were all performed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-seven patients (51.9%) had the genotype G1359G (wild-type group) and 164 (48.1%) patients were A carriers: G1359A (136 patients; 39.9%) or A1359A (28 patients; 8.2%) (mutant type group). The Health Area of Palencia had a lower frequency of wild-type genotype and G allelic frequency than all the other Health Areas. Segovia and Burgos Areas had a higher frequency of wild-type genotype and G allelic frequency than the other Health Areas. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was higher in the mutant type group and blood tryglicerides were lower in the same group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the novel finding of the present study is the association of the mutant type group G1359A and A1359A with a better lipid profile (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) than the wild-type group. The frequencies of this polymorphism are different among Health Areas of Castilla y Leon (Spain).

The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in European Union member states. Part 2: Spain.

Spain is the second largest EU Member State with an area of 504,645 km(2) and is the fifth most populated one with a total of 46.5 million inhabitants. The number of dentists working in Spain has grown rapidly in the last 20 years. In December 2014, there were 33,346 practising dentists with a ratio of one dentist for every 1394 inhabitants. Oral health of children has improved; with a fall in the national mean DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) among 12-year-olds, from 4.20 in 1984 to 1.12 in 2010. The percentage of the population that has visited a dentist within the last three months has risen from 13.5% (1987) to 16.9% (2011-2012). Forty-three percent of the Spanish population visited a dentist in the last year in 2009. The Spanish National Health System (SNS) provides comprehensive cover for general health, but very little oral healthcare for adults. Only emergency care and oral surgery (dental extractions) for adults are provided in publicly funded clinics. The vast majority of oral health care is provided in the private sector and over 90% of dental professionals work in the private sector. Nevertherless, children aged 7-15 years are covered (with some restrictions) by publicly funded oral healthcare with different care models, depending on the local health authority, and some of them are funded by a capitation system which was introduced 25 years ago.

Directional solidification, thermo-mechanical and optical properties of (Mg(x)Ca(1-x))(3)Al(2)Si(3)O(12) glasses doped with Nd(3+) ions.

In this work glass rods of (Mg(x)Ca(1-x))(3)Al(2)Si(3)O(12) (x = 0, 0.5 and 1) doped with 1 wt% Nd(2)O(3) were produced by the laser floating zone technique. Thermo-mechanical and spectroscopic properties have been evaluated. The three glass samples present good thermo-mechanical properties, with similar hardness, toughness and glass transition temperatures. The spectroscopic characterization shows spectral shifts in absorption and emission spectra. These spectral shifts together with Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and ionic packing ratio have been used to investigate the local structure surrounding the Nd(3+) ions and the covalency of the Nd-O bond. All obtained results agree and confirm the higher covalency of the Nd-O bond in the Ca(3)Al(2)Si(3)O(12) glass.

Structural phase transitions and magnetic and spectroscopic properties of the double perovskites Sr2Co1-xMgxTeO6 (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5).

The structural and magnetic properties of a series of ordered double perovskites with the formula Sr(2)Co(1-x)Mg(x)TeO(6) (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5) are investigated by X-ray diffraction, low temperature neutron diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic susceptibility. The progressive substitution of the paramagnetic Co(2+) high spin ion by the diamagnetic Mg(2+), of about the same size, induces changes in the room temperature crystal structure, from a distorted P2(1)/n phase for the undoped Sr(2)CoTeO(6) oxide to the I4/m of the end member (Sr(2)MgTeO(6)). These perovskites experience structural transitions on heating, the temperature at which the transitions occur being smaller as x increases. The novel approach of mode-crystallography is used for the analysis. All oxides show antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between Co(2+) ions but the long range antiferromagnetic order is not achieved for the phase with x = 0.5. The low temperature neutron diffraction data have been evaluated using a full symmetry analysis. Results are consistent with an unquenched orbital contribution of a high spin Co(2+) ion.

Eritema discromicum perstans (EDP) o dermatosis cenicienta: revisión a propósito de dos casos / Erythema discromicum perstans (EDP) or cystic dermatosis: review of two cases

El eritema discromicum perstans (EDP) o Dermatosis cenicienta es una entidad clínica poco común, de curso crónico e irreversible. Se presenta como máculas hiperpigmentadas color gris-ceniza, de tamaño y forma variable, distribuidas en cara, tronco, y extremidades. En Chile existen pocos casos reportados. La etiología es actualmente desconocida. Los hallazgos histopatológicos no son específicos de EDP, por lo que el diagnóstico es clínico e histopatológico. Aunque se han reportado múltiples opciones de tratamiento, ninguno ha demostrado ser efectivo de manera consistente. Presentamos dos casos de EDP y una revisión de los principales aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e histopatológicos de esta entidad.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) or cinderella Dermatosis is an uncommon clinical entity, of chronic and irreversible course. Clinically it appears as hyper pigmented gray-ashy macules, of variable size and shape, distributed on face, trunk, and extremities. There are few cases reported on Chile. Etiology is currently unknown. The histopathological features are not characteristic of EDP, so the diagnosis is based upon clinical findings plus histopathology. Although there are several treatment options, none of them have been demonstrated to be consistently effective. We present two cases of EDP and a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological features of this entity.

Fístula odontogénica: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Odontogenic sinus: a case report and literature review

Las fístulas odontogénicas son canalizaciones anormales originadas a partir de procesos infecciosos de los ápices radiculares, las cuales puede adoptar distintas morfologías en piel. Se presenta el caso de hombre de 40 años, con una lesión en mejilla derecha de 2 años de evolución. El estado de las piezas dentarias, a la inspección, era deficiente. Debido a la sospecha clínica, se solicitó una ecografía de partes blandas que fue compatible con una fístula odontogénica. Estas lesiones, muchas veces son subdiagnosticadas, lo cual limita y retrasa el tratamiento adecuado.

Odontogenic cutaneous sinus are abnormal tracts originated from infectious processes of the root canal, which can show different morphologies on the skin. We present a 40 year old man, who had a lesion on his right cheek of 2 years of duration. The tooth pieces were compromised. Due to the clinical suspicion, a soft tissue ultrasound was requested which result was consistent with odontogenic cutaneous sinus. These injuries are often underdiagnosed, limiting and delaying a proper treatment.

Asistencia ventricular definitiva como alternativa al trasplante cardíaco en un paciente ingresado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos: un caso clínico / Ventricular assist device as alternative to heart transplant in a hospitalized patient in an intensive care unit: Clinical case

Objetivo Presentar y analizar un caso clínico con el que se aborde el plan de cuidados de un paciente con asistencia ventricular permanente en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI).Presentación del caso clínico Varón de 65 años de edad que ingresa en la UCI de un hospital universitario de nivel terciario en septiembre de 2011, tras implantarle el dispositivo de asistencia ventricular permanente (Heartmate II®).Discusión e implicaciones para la práctica El análisis del caso se estructura según las categorías que se identifican en la revisión de la literatura médica: prevención de riesgos y complicaciones, manejo del dispositivo y educación para la salud. Conclusión Este trabajo evidencia la importancia de instaurar un plan de cuidados protocolizado para los pacientes portadores de asistencia ventricular permanente en la UCI, lo que evitaría complicaciones en el post-operatorio inmediato, reduciría los costes y el tiempo de hospitalización (AU)

Objective To present and analyze a clinical case that addresses the care plan for a patient with permanent ventricular assist in an intensive care unit (ICU).Clinical case presentation A 65-year-old man admitted to an ICU in a tertiary teaching hospital in September 2011 after receiving an implant of a permanent ventricular assist device (Heartmate II®).Discussion and implications for practice The case analysis has been structured into 3 categories identified in the review of the literature: prevention of risks and complications, management of the device and health education. Conclusion This study shows the importance of establishing a protocolized care plan for the patients who are carriers of permanent ventricular assist in the ICU. This would avoid postoperative complications, reduce costs and hospitalization time (AU)

Caracterización de las víctimas de suicidio de las autopsias realizadas en el Servicio Médico Legal de Concepción el año 2010 / Characterization of the suicide victims of autopsies performed during 2010 at Concepción’s Forensics Medical Service

INTRODUCCIÓN: El suicidio suele ser interpretado como el fracaso de una persona para enfrentar la adversidad. En este, intervienen múltiples factores, haciendo su análisis complejo, existiendo pocos estudios respecto al tema. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir el perfil de las víctimas de suicidio correspondientes a las autopsias realizadas en el Servicio Médico Legal (SML) de Concepción durante el año 2010. MATERIAL YMÉTODO: Se realizó mediante un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo de 64 informes de autopsia de muertes por suicidio, realizadas en el SML de Concepción el año 2010. Se consignó género, edad, ocupación, estado civil, procedencia, intentos previos, antecedente de carta y/o aviso y antecedentes mórbidos. Los datos fueron tabulados en Microsoft Excel, se realizaron tablas segmentarias y gráficos para el análisis. RESULTADOS: Del total de autopsias realizadas en el SML de Concepción el 2010, el 7,9 por ciento correspondían a suicidio, de los cuales el 89,1 por ciento eran varones y 10,9 por ciento mujeres. La edad promedio fue 41,35 años, mayormente entre 20-29 y 50-59 años; el 50,8 por ciento eran solteros y 33,3 por ciento casados; 23,4 por ciento residentes de Talcahuano y 15,6 por ciento de Concepción; 60,9 por ciento con ocupación; 21,9 por ciento había avisado, 6,3 por ciento dejó carta y 10,9 por ciento presentaba intentos anteriores; 62,5 por ciento sin antecedentes psiquiátricos y 64,1 por ciento sin antecedentes de enfermedad médica. DISCUSIÓN: Comparando con estadísticas nacionales, se repite la proporción según sexo; sin embargo, escasean los trabajos que estudien detalladamente el suicidio y entreguen información acerca de los otros factores estudiados en este trabajo.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is usually interpreted as the failure of a person to face adversity, in which there are many other factors involved. That’s why its analysis is complex and few studies on the subject exist. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the profile of suicide victims for the autopsies in the Forensic Medical Service (FMS) of Concepcion during 2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional study, with a non-probability sample of 64 consecutive autopsy reports of deaths by suicide, carried out in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010. The following variables were registered: gender, age, occupation, marital status, city of origin, previous attempts, previous letter and/or notice and morbid history. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel, later generating tables and graphs for segmental analysis. RESULTS: Of all autopsies performed in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010, 7.9 percent were suicides, of which 89.1 percent were male and 10.9 percent women. The average age was 41.35 years, mostly between 20-29 and 50-59 years, 50.8 percent were single and 33.3 percent married, 23.4 percent from Talcahuano and 15.6 percent from Concepcion, 60.9 percent had an occupation, 21.9 percent had warned of their intentions, 6.3 percent left a letter and 10.9 percent had previous attempts, 62.5 percent didn’t have a psychiatric history and 64.1 percent didn’t have history of medical illness. DISCUSSION: Compared to national statistics, the proportion by sex is similar, but there aren’t works that study suicides in detail and provide information about the other factors studied in this work.

[Ventricular assist device as alternative to heart transplant in a hospitalized patient in an intensive care unit: clinical case]. / Asistencia ventricular definitiva como alternativa al trasplante cardíaco en un paciente ingresado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos: un caso clínico.

OBJECTIVE: To present and analyze a clinical case that addresses the care plan for a patient with permanent ventricular assist in an intensive care unit (ICU). CLINICAL CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old man admitted to an ICU in a tertiary teaching hospital in September 2011 after receiving an implant of a permanent ventricular assist device (Heartmate II). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The case analysis has been structured into 3 categories identified in the review of the literature: prevention of risks and complications, management of the device and health education. CONCLUSION: This study shows the importance of establishing a protocolized care plan for the patients who are carriers of permanent ventricular assist in the ICU. This would avoid postoperative complications, reduce costs and hospitalization time.

Terapia fotodinámica en queilitis actínica, experiencia de hospital clínico Universidad de Chile / Photodynamic therapy in actinic cheilitis, clinical hospital of the University Chile experience

Introducción: La queilitis actínica (QA) es una lesión pre-neoplásica secundaria al fotodaño solar, que afecta al labio inferior. La Terapia fotodinámica (TFD) es un tratamiento promisorio en QA con buenos resultados tanto clínicos, que se han confirmado con hallazgos histopatológicos, así como cosméticos. Material y método: Serie de casos. Se presentan 3 casos de pacientes de sexo femenino tratados con TFD, en donde se utilizó ácido metil aminolevulínico en forma oclusiva y con protección de la luz 3 horas antes de la aplicación de la luz roja con lámpara Aktilite™, en el Hospital clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2008 y 2012. Se realizaron biopsias de control al final de la TFD para confirmar curación. Resultados: Se obtuvo el 100 por ciento de respuesta clínica en los 3 pacientes con un máximo de seguimiento de 33 meses en uno, sin evidencia de recidiva clínica ni histopatológica, con escasos efectos colaterales, buena aceptación y conformidad por parte de los pacientes. Conclusión: La TFD es una buena alternativa en el manejo de la QA con excelentes resultados y mínimos efectos colaterales. Los excelentes resultados clínicos se confirman con la histopatología, por lo cual se recomendaría su uso, previa biopsia, que descarte un carcinoma invasor concurrente. Queda aún por definir los intervalos de tratamiento y su duración.

Introduction: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a pre-neoplasic lesion secondary to sun photodamage, that affect the inferior lip. Photodinamic therapy (PDT) is a promissory way of treatment inAC which has proven to be successful both clinical, and by histopatologic findings, as well as in cosmetic results. Materials and methods: Case series. Three cases are presented; female patients treated with PDT using methyl aminolevulinic acid in an occlusive way and protected from the light three hours before the application of red light using the Aktilite™ lamp. The trial was perfomed at the Clinical hospital of the University Chile of between the years 2008 and 2012. Control biopsies were made at the end of the PDT to confirm resolution. Results: 100 percent of clinical response was obtained in the three patients with a maximal follow-up of 33 months in one of the patients. No evidence of neither clinical nor histopathological reappearance was found fewer side effects, good reception and acceptance from the patients. Conclusion: PDT is a good alternative for the management of the AC with excellent results and minimal side effects. The outstanding clinical results are confirmed by histopathology, suggesting its use prior ruling out concurrent invasive carcinoma. Nevertheless, still reminds to define the treatments intervals and its duration.

Carcinoma basocelular lineal: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Basal cell carcinoma: two cases report and literature review

Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular (CBC) es el tumor más frecuente en humanos. El CBC lineal fue descrito por primera vez en 1985 por Lewis, pero a pesar de que se han descrito múltiples casos en la literatura, no ha sido definido como una entidad clínica en textos. Objetivos: 1) Presentar dos casos de CBC lineal; 2) Realizar una revisión de la literatura actual con respecto al tema. Material y método: Casos clínicos: dos pacientes de sexo masculino que consultaron en el Hospital San José por heridas lineales de larga data en la región cervical, refractarias a tratamiento. El estudio histológico mostró carcinomas basocelulares. Se realizó, además, una revisión de la literatura con respecto al tema incluyendo base de datos Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo y Science Direct, usando como palabras clave, lineal- Carcinoma basocelular-piel, limitándose sólo a publicaciones que hablaran específicamente del tema. Resultados: Se encontraron 14 publicaciones, principalmente reportes de casos, con un total de 42 pacientes, 54 por ciento mujeres y 46 por ciento hombres. La localización más frecuente es periocular, principalmente infraorbitaria, seguido de cuello y tronco. En el 50 por ciento de los casos el tipo histológico fue nodular seguido de pigmentado. La cirugía micrográfica de Mohs es la más utilizada en la terapéutica. En nuestros casos, la localización más frecuente fue la cervical, discrepando con la literatura. Los tipos histológicos encontrados fueron nodular y morfeiforme. No se obtuvieron los resultados del tratamiento, ya que éstos se realizaron en otro centro de salud. Conclusión: el CBC lineal es un tumor infrecuente y múltiples casos se han publicado en la literatura internacional, sin ser aún definido como un subtipo de CBC. Nuestros pacientes se presentaron, como la mayoría en la literatura, con heridas lineales de difícil manejo, donde la sospecha y la posterior biopsia confirmaron el diagnóstico. Se realiza este reporte de casos y posterior revisión...

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent tumor in humans. Lineal BCC was described for the first time in 1985 by Lewis. Although multiple cases have been described in literature, Linear BCC hasn’t been defined as a clinical entity in texts. Objectives: 1) Present two cases of lineal BCC: 2) Make a review of current literature related to the topic. Material and method: Clinical cases: 2 male patients seen at San José Hospital due to a long history of lineal injuries in the cervical region with no response to treatment. The histopathological study showed basocellular carcinomas. Literature was also analyzed in relation to the topic including Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo y Science Direct database, using lineal, skin, and basocellular carcinoma as key words, limiting the research only to publications which address the topic directly. Results: 14 publications were found, mainly case reports, with a total of 42 patients , 54 percent was females and 46 percent males . The most frequent affected area is the periocular, mainly intraorbital, followed by the neck and trunk. 50 percent of the histological types were nodular followed by the pigmented type. Mohs micrographic surgery is the most widely treatment used in those patients. Our cases, were mostly found in the cervical area, which differ from literature. The histological types found were nodular and morpheiform. The outcome of the treatment wasn’t obtained due to the fact that they were performed in another Health Care Center. Conclusions: The lineal BCC is an uncommon tumor and many cases have been published internationally, without still being defined as a subtype of BCC. Our patients presented lineal injuries that were hard to treat, as most literature cases , where the clinical suspicious and a biopsy done afterwards confirmed the diagnosis. These cases were described and subsequently literature was reviewed to emphasizethe rear of its presentation, and to have in mind as differential...