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1.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn ; 22(12): 1057-1062, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36629056

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical membrane-derived lipid bilayers released by cells. The human microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms, with bacteria being the largest group secreting microbial EVs. The discovery of bacterial EVs (BEVs) has garnered interest among researchers as potential diagnostic markers, given that the microbiota is known to be associated with various diseases and EVs carry important macromolecular cargo for intercellular interaction. AREAS COVERED: The differential bacterial composition identified from BEVs isolated from biofluids between patients and healthy controls may be valuable for detecting diseases. Therefore, BEVs may serve as novel diagnostic markers. Literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. In this special report, we outline the commonly used approach for investigating BEVs in biofluids, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions, and the recent studies exploring the potential of BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases. EXPERT OPINION: The emerging field of BEVs offers new possibilities for the diagnosis of various types of diseases, although there remain issues that need to be resolved in this research area to implement BEVs in clinical applications. Hence, it is important for future studies to take these challenges into consideration when investigating the diagnostic value of BEVs.


Subject(s)
Extracellular Vesicles , Microbiota , Humans , Biomarkers , Bacteria
2.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 14(1): 124-133, 2018 01 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28933635

ABSTRACT

A scoping review was performed to identify factors that may lead to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy among women in low- and middle-income countries in South East Asian Region (SEAR) and Western Pacific Region (WPR). A systematic search of English and non-English articles using Pubmed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and CINAHL plus was conducted. Only 63 studies conducted in SEAR and WPR were included from inception until December 2016. Results of these studies have shown that poor awareness and knowledge of practices on cervical cancer prevention was evident in both SEAR and WPR. Concerns on safety and efficacy of the vaccine, and costs in getting vaccinated were significant barriers. Most women stated that they needed more information, and strongly welcomed a physician's recommendation in both geographical regions. Women also felt they have a low risk of acquiring HPV infection and cervical cancer. Most women in SEAR and WPR were unable to decide on whether to accept HPV vaccination.


Subject(s)
Papillomaviridae/immunology , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Vaccination/psychology , Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology , Decision Making , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Papillomavirus Vaccines/economics , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaccination/adverse effects , Vaccination/economics , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
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