ABSTRACT
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease prevention programs must identify patients at risk of early progression to provide better treatment and prolong kidney replacement therapy-free survival. Risk equations have been developed and validated in cohorts outside of Colombia, so this study aims to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the four-variable kidney failure risk equation in a Colombian population where it has yet to be validated. Methods: External validation study of a kidney failure risk equation using a historical cohort of patients with CKD stages 3, 4, and 5, adults without a history of dialysis or kidney transplantation with a two-year follow-up, belonging to the Baxter Renal Care Services Colombia network. The discriminatory capacity of the model was evaluated by the concordance index using Harrell's C statistic, and the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated using the nearest neighbor method, as well as the optimal cut-off point for sensitivity and specificity. Calibration was determined by the degree of agreement between the observed outcome and the probabilities predicted by the model using the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. Results: A total of 5,477 patients were included, with a mean age of 72 years, 36.4% diabetic, and a mean baseline eGFR of 36 ml/min/1.73 m2. The rate of dialysis initiation was three events per 100 patient-years, 95% CI (2.9-3.6). The optimal cutoff for sensitivity was 0.94, for specificity, 0.76, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.92. Harrell's C-statistic was 0.88 for the total population, 0.88 for diabetic patients, and 0.93 for those 65 years or older. The validation of the model showed good calibration. Conclusions: In this Colombian cohort, the four-variable KFRE with a two-year prediction horizon has excellent calibration and discrimination, and its use in the care of CKD Colombian patients is recommended.
ABSTRACT
Complementary feeding (CF) is defined as the feeding of infants that complements breastfeeding, or alternatively, feeding with a breast milk substitute, and is a process that is more than simply a guide as to what and how to introduce foods. The information provided by healthcare professionals must be up-to-date and evidence-based. Most of the recommendations that appear in the different international guidelines and position papers are widely applicable, but some must be regionalized or adapted to fit the conditions and reality of each geographic zone. The Nutrition Working Group of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) summoned a group of experts from each of the society's member countries, to develop a consensus on CF, incorporating, whenever possible, local information adapted to the reality of the region. The aim of the present document is to show the results of that endeavor. Utilizing the Delphi method, a total of 34 statements on relevant aspects of CF were evaluated, discussed, and voted upon.
Subject(s)
Gastroenterology , Infant , Child , Female , Humans , Cocos , Consensus , Latin America , Infant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: parosteal osteosarcoma is an extramedullary malignant bone tumor in which cells produce osteoid, represents less than 5% of all osteosarcomas, it occurs predominantly in women between the second and fourth decade of life. It is often located in the distal region of the femur and proximal tibia. Clinically it presents with increased volume and thigh or knee pain. Due to its low incidence and clinical features, a clinical case of femoral parosteal osteosarcoma is presented, with description of the surgical technique performed. CASE REPORT: a 14-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of increased volume and right thigh pain. Radiological studies revealed a bone lesion with malignant characteristics, for which she was sent to third-level hospital where oncology study protocol was set up; consisting in two percutaneous biopsies of the lesion with Jamshidi needle, which were histopathology reported as negative for malignant cells. The pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography showed metastasis and a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy showed increased osteoblastic activity in the right femoral shaft. Given the results, is confirmed the need of en-bloc resection and intercalary prosthesis implantation with adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: the intercalary prosthesis is a suitable therapeutic option in limb-salvage surgery for patients with femoral parosteal osteosarcoma.
INTRODUCCIÓN: el osteosarcoma parostal es un tumor óseo maligno extramedular en el cual las células tumorales producen osteoide. Representa menos de 5% de los osteosarcomas. Se presenta predominantemente en la mujer, entre la segunda y cuarta década de la vida. Su localización más frecuente es la región distal del fémur y proximal de la tibia. Clínicamente, se manifiesta con aumento de volumen y dolor en muslo o rodilla. Debido a su baja incidencia y características clínicas, se presenta un caso clínico de osteosarcoma parostal femoral con descripción de la técnica quirúrgica realizada. CASO CLÍNICO: femenino de 14 años edad con cuadro clínico caracterizado por aumento de volumen y dolor en muslo derecho de seis meses de evolución. Se realizaron radiografías de fémur derecho, encontrando lesión ósea con características compatibles de malignidad, por lo que es enviada a unidad de tercer nivel para iniciar protocolo oncológico; se realizan dos biopsias percutáneas con aguja de Jamshidi, ambas con reporte histológico negativo para células malignas. En tomografía pulmonar de alta resolución se observó presencia de metástasis y la gammagrafía ósea con Tc99 reportó actividad osteoblástica en fémur derecho. Se decide tratamiento con resección en bloque y colocación de prótesis intercalar más quimioterapia adyuvante. CONCLUSIÓN: la prótesis intercalar resulta una opción terapéutica adecuada en la cirugía de salvamento de extremidad para pacientes con diagnóstico de osteosarcoma parostal femoral.
Subject(s)
Artificial Limbs , Bone Neoplasms , Osteosarcoma, Juxtacortical , Osteosarcoma , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Femur/surgery , Prosthesis Implantation , Bone Neoplasms/surgery , Osteosarcoma, Juxtacortical/surgery , Osteosarcoma/surgery , Limb Salvage , PainABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonates have been the gold standard in the management of osteoporosis. Its antiresorptive effect has reduced the incidence of fractures due to bone fragility, as well as its impact on public health. We present the clinical case of a patient in prolonged treatment with bisphosphonates and atypical bilateral femur fracture. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old female who presented a fall from her own height, on treatment with risedronate for seven years, and a history of systemic arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, both with medical treatment. Diagnosed with bilateral atypical femoral fracture, treated with closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) with intramedullary nailing, application of calcium citrate and teriparatide. DISCUSSION: Multiple studies indicate that the benefit of using bisphosphonates for osteoporosis is higher than the risk of presenting atypical fractures.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los bifosfonatos han sido de gran utilidad en el manejo de la osteoporosis. Su efecto antirresortivo ha disminuido la incidencia de fracturas por fragilidad ósea, así como, su impacto en salud pública. Presentamos el caso clínico de una usuaria en tratamiento prolongado con bifosfonatos y fractura atípica de fémur bilateral. CASO CLÍNICO: Femenino de 65 años, presenta caía de su plano de sustentación, en tratamiento con risedronato desde hace siete años y antecedente de hipertensión arterial sistémica e hipercolesterolemia, ambas con manejo médico. Diagnosticada con fractura bilateral de fémur, tratada con enclavado centro-medular, citrato de calcio y teriparatida. DISCUSIÓN: Múltiples estudios refieren que el beneficio del uso de bifosfonatos en la prevención del riesgo de fracturas es mayor, aunque exista la posibilidad de presentar fracturas atípicas.
Subject(s)
Bone Density Conservation Agents , Femoral Fractures , Osteoporosis , Aged , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Diphosphonates , Female , Femoral Fractures/etiology , Humans , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , TeriparatideABSTRACT
Purpose. To compare the autofluorescence images of the Zeiss versus Topcon eye fundus cameras and design an objective way to quantify it. Procedures. The IMAGEJ software was used to determine the gray level corresponding to the darkest veins and the peripapillary ring (thresholds), the level of white of the brightest perifoveal area, their difference (contrast level), and the suprathreshold area for each photograph. Results. Carl Zeiss has higher contrast values than Topcon. The Topcon contrast presented a crest with further decline as the suprathreshold area continued to increase. On the contrary, the Zeiss profile did not decline in contrast. Conclusions and Message. The Carl Zeiss camera showed superior contrast ability over the Topcon when performing autofluorescence imaging. We set objective parameters to compare fundus cameras FAF images. These parameters could be the base to objectively measure and determine changes and realize followup to areas of hyper- or hypofluorescence.
ABSTRACT
It is known that during sex differentiation, fetal androgens are critical determinants of the male phenotype. Although testosterone is necessary for normal development of male sexual behavior, perinatal androgen treatment can result in disruption of normal male sexual reproduction. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered either corn oil (vehicle) or testosterone propionate at 0.2 mg/kg from gestational day 12 until the end of lactation and the reproductive function of male offspring was evaluated at 90 (adulthood) and 270 (middle age) days of age. Perinatal androgenization in the rat provoked a reduction in sperm production and reserves in adulthood that did not affect fertility and did not persist at more advanced ages, as shown by the results at post-natal day 270. If perinatal androgenization promotes similar effects in humans of reproductive age, the results of the present work can impact male reproduction health, given the less efficient spermatogenesis and lower sperm reserves in the human epididymis, compared to rodents.
Subject(s)
Androgens/metabolism , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology , Reproduction , Testosterone/metabolism , Animals , Female , Fertility , Humans , Male , Perinatal Care , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sexual Development , Sperm Count , Spermatozoa/cytology , Spermatozoa/metabolism , TimeSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Milk Hypersensitivity , Food Hypersensitivity , Anaphylaxis , Desensitization, ImmunologicABSTRACT
Botanical compounds with insecticidal and acaricidal activities have been used in pest management with different levels of success. Toxicity of ethanolic extracts obtained from wild oregano (Lippia origanoides) and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) to Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) were evaluated. Mite population was collected from black bean plants growing in Urachiche Municipality, Yaracuy State, Venezuela. Ethanolic extracts of wild oregano and gliricidia leaves were evaluated at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20%) using the leaf disk immersion technique. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and tannins, essential oils and saponins was verified in the plant material used in our study. Tetranychus cinnabarinus oviposition decreased at a rate of 43.7% or 57% when 5% oregano or gliricidia extracts were used, respectively. Also, 10% oregano or gliricidia extracts caused 42.2% or 72.5% of mortality to T. cinnabarinus, respectively. Ethanolic extracts showed acaricidal effects on T. cinnabarinus, as evidenced by maximum mortality (96.6% and 100% caused by wild oregano and gliricidia, respectively) when used at a concentration of 20%. Our results showed that gliricidia and wild oregano are promising for the management of T. cinnabarinus, although their field efficacy remains to be evaluated.
Subject(s)
Ethanol/toxicity , Fabaceae , Lippia , Pest Control/methods , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Tetranychidae/drug effects , AnimalsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Determinar el crecimiento intrahospitalario y las prácticas alimentarias de los RNMBP en la Unidad de Neonatología de la Cátedra y Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de Clínicas sede San Lorenzo. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo. Fueron incluidos los RN nacidos en el hopistal, asistidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) con peso al nacer (PN) entre 500 y 1500 grs, de enero 2007 a diciembre 2009 seguidos desde su nacimiento hasta el alta; registrándose la evolución del peso y las prácticas alimentarias. Fueron considerados como grupo control los RNMBP de la red NEOCOSUR nacidos en el mismo periodo. Resultados: Nacieron 140 RNMBP, fueron incluidos 93 RN, la sobrevida al alta fue de 66,4%. El promedio de PN: 1187 ± 201 grs, a los 7días de vida 1091 ± 200 grs; con promedio de pérdida de 95,4 ± 5,6 grs que corresponde a 8% con relación PN; siendo la pérdida por día de 13,6 grs. A los 28 días de vida el promedio de peso fue de 1470 ± 271 grs; con variación de peso entre la semana de vida y los 28 días de 293 ± 79,4 grs, con ganancia de peso de 26,5%, correspondiendo a una ganancia estimada/día de 10,5 grs. Al alta el promedio de peso fue de 2140 ± 356 grs, con una variación de peso con relación al nacimiento de 930 ± 97 gramos, ganancia de peso de 85,3%, correspondiente a 14,5 grs de aumento/día. Recibieron NPT 69 RNMBP, los aminoácidos (AA) se iniciaron a los 2,7 ± 3,6 días y los lípidos a los 3,9 ± 3,4 días. En el NEOCOSUR, iniciaron AA a los 1,6 ± 1,8 días y lípidos a los 2 ± 1,8 días. Del total recibieron NPT 2346 RNMBP (89%). La alimentación enteral fue iniciada en la UCIN a los 4,1 ± 3,6 días y en el NEOCOSUR a los 3,2 ± 3 días. Se alcanzó el volumen de 100 ml/kg/día a los 14 ± 8 días en la UCIN, y en el NEOCOSUR a los 13,1 ± 8,4 días de vida...
Introduction: Assessing the growth and nutritional status of newborns (NB) is very important because of how strongly both factors are associated with overall health and development. Growth is associated with nutritional practices; with differences in calorie and protein intake varying according to when enteral and parenteral feeding of the VLBWI are begun. Objectives: To determine in-hospital weight gain and feeding practices for VLBWI in the Neonatal Unit of the Pediatrics Department of the Centro Materno-Infantil (CMI), of the School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción (UNA). Methodology: A retrospective, observational, and analytical study. Patients included were NB treated in the CMI Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with birth weights between 500 and 1500 grams between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2009. Their development, weight, and food intake were recorded in follow up from birth until discharge to home. VLBW newborns in the NEOCOSUR database for the same period of time served as the control group. Results: Of the 140 VLBW newborns in that time period, 93 met inclusion criteria, and their rate of survival to discharge was 66.4%. Average birth weight was 1187 ± 201 grams, while on day 7 weight was 1091 ± 200 grams: an average loss of 95.4 ± 5.6 grams, corresponding to 8% of birth weight, and a daily rate of loss of 13.6 grams per day. At 28 days of age, average weight was 1470 ± 271 grams, with weight gain from day 7 to day 28 days of 293 ± 79.4 grams, a gain of 26.5%, corresponding to an estimated gain of 10.5 grams per day. At discharge, the average weight was 2140 ± 356 grams: a variation of weight relative to birthweight of 930 ± 97 grams (85.3%), corresponding to a gain of 14.5 grams per day. Among the 69 (74%) of VLBW newborn who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), total days of hospitalization averaged 16 ± 9.4, while amino acid supplementation was begun at 2.7 ± 3.6 days and lipids at 3.9 ± 3.4 days...
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Nutritional Status , Parenteral NutritionABSTRACT
The goal of the Dialysis Outcomes in Colombia (DOC) study was to compare the survival of patients on hemodialysis (HD) vs peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a network of renal units in Colombia. The DOC study examined a historical cohort of incident patients starting dialysis therapy between 1 January 2001 and 1 December 2003 and followed until 1 December 2005, measuring demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables. Only patients older than 18 years were included. As-treated and intention-to-treat statistical analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model. There were 1094 eligible patients in total and 923 were actually enrolled: 47.3% started HD therapy and 52.7% started PD therapy. Of the patients studied, 751 (81.3%) remained in their initial therapy until the end of the follow-up period, death, or censorship. Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, creatinine, calcium, and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) variables did not show statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups. Diabetes, socioeconomic level, educational level, phosphorus, Charlson Co-morbidity Index, and cardiovascular history did show a difference, and were less favorable for patients on PD. Residual renal function was greater for PD patients. Also, there were differences in the median survival time between groups: 27.2 months for PD vs 23.1 months for HD (P=0.001) by the intention-to-treat approach; and 24.5 months for PD vs 16.7 months for HD (P<0.001) by the as-treated approach. When performing univariate Cox analyses using the intention-to-treat approach, associations were with age > or =65 years (hazard ratio (HR)=2.21; confidence interval (CI) 95% (1.77-2.755); P<0.001); history of cardiovascular disease (HR=1.96; CI 95% (1.58-2.90); P<0.001); diabetes (HR=2.34; CI 95% (1.88-2.90); P<0.001); and SGA (mild or moderate-severe malnutrition) (HR=1.47; CI 95% (1.17-1.79); P=0.001); but no association was found with gender (HR=1.03, CI 95% 0.83-1.27; P=0.786). Similar results were found with the as-treated approach, with additional associations found with Charlson Index (0-2) (HR=0.29; Cl 95% (0.22-0.38); P<0.001); Charlson Index (3-4) (HR=0.61; Cl 95% (0.48-0.79); P<0.001); and SGA (mild-severe malnutrition) (HR=1.43; Cl 95% (1.15-1.77); P<0.001). Similarly, the multivariate Cox model was run with the variables that had shown association in previous analyses, and it was found that the variables explaining the survival of patients with end-stage renal disease in our study were age, SGA, Charlson Comorbidity Index 5 and above, diabetes, healthcare regimes I and II, and socioeconomic level 2. The results of Cox proportional risk model in both the as-treated and intention-to-treat analyses showed that there were no statistically significant differences in survival of PD and HD patients: intention-to-treat HD/PD (HR 1.127; CI 95%: 0.855-1.484) and as-treated HD/PD (HR 1.231; CI 95%: 0.976-1.553). In this historical cohort of incident patients, there was a trend, although not statistically significant, for a higher (12.7%) adjusted mortality risk associated with HD when compared to PD, even though the PD patients were poorer, were more likely to be diabetic, and had higher co-morbidity scores than the HD patients. The variables that most influenced survival were age, diabetes, comorbidity, healthcare regime, socioeconomic level, nutrition, and education.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/methods , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colombia , Diabetes Complications/complications , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphorus/blood , Proportional Hazards Models , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
El íleo posquirurgico es una condición en la cual cesa la motilidad gastrointestinal posterior a un procedimiento quirúrgico donde se manipulen las asas intestinales. Nuestro objetivo es determinar el efecto de los farmacos cisapride, lidocaina, eritromicina y ondansetrón en el íleo experimental de ratas. Se realizaron 7 grupos de ratas. Cinco de estos grupos fueron laparotomizados con manipulación intestinal, un grupo con laparotomía sin manipulación y un grupo solo anestesiado sin intervención quirúrgica. A cuatro de los grupos con manipulación intestinal se les administró uno de los fármacos en estudio, el quinto grupo manipulado no recibió nada al igual que los otros dos grupos sin manipulación. A todos los grupos se les administró azul de Evans a través de sonda intragástrica y se midió la migración del colorante a través del intestino. La única droga que mejora significativamente la motilidad post íleo fue el Cisapride (p=0.05) cuando se compara con el grupo de laparotomía y manoseo sin medicación. La motilidad rtetardada de este último grupo también es significativo cuando se compara con los grupos de anestesia sola o de laparotmía sin manoseo. Los demás resultados fueron no significativos. El Cisapride, probablemente a través de su acción estimuladora de la liberación de aceticolina, mejora notablemente el íleo postoperatorio de rata inducido por manipulación intestinal
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Abdominal Injuries , Cisapride , Erythromycin , Gastrointestinal Motility , Ileostomy , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Ondansetron , Gastroenterology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Se evaluó mediante estudio doble ciego la eficacia de Budesonide, glucocorticoide no halogenado en pacientes con rinitis alérgica aguda estacional e hipersensibilidad a ácaros domésticos, pólenes, polvo de cereales, hongos aerógenos y soja. Se estudiaron 56 paientes de ambos sexos, 36 niños y 20 adultos, provenientes de poblaciones cerealeras: Gral. Deheza, Sampacho, Moldes y Río Cuarto. El diagnóstico de terreno alérgico se realizó por historia clínica, examen de mucosa nasal, dosaje de IgE sérica total y estudio de exudado nasal seriado, por técnica de Hansel. El diagnóstico de los alergenos involucrados se realizó por pruebas cutáneas y de degranulación de basófilos. Antes y después de la administración de la droga se estableció una escala de 0 a 6 puntos para evaluación de los síntomas; un punto por presencia de cada síntoma: rinorrea, prurito nasal, estornudos, obstrucción nasal, alteraciones de la olfación y otros (conjuntivitis, cefaleas, palidez de mucosas y/o dolor). Se administró el producto A 26 niños y 10 adultos. Los pacientes que recibieron Budesonide tanto niños como adultos, mostraron mejoría respecto al grupo placebo (p<0,01) y respecto de la evaluación previa al tratamiento (p<0,01). Los trastornos en la olfación mejoraron en los grupos con Budesonide: 22 niños: 84,62 por ciento y 8 adultos: 80 por ciento y en ninguno de los que recibieron placebo. En los grupos que emplearon el glucocorticoide disminuyeron todos los síntomas con diferencias estadísticamente muy significativas tanto en los grupos antes vs después como al compararlos con los grupos correspondientes que recibieron placebo. El producto aplicado en tópico intranasal, estaría indicado con posibilidades de efectos benéficos en el tratamiento de rinitis alérgica tanto en niños como en adultos (AU)
Subject(s)
Comparative Study , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy , Budesonide/therapeutic use , Single-Blind Method , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis , Budesonide/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , PlacebosABSTRACT
Se evaluó mediante estudio doble ciego la eficacia de Budesonide, glucocorticoide no halogenado en pacientes con rinitis alérgica aguda estacional e hipersensibilidad a ácaros domésticos, pólenes, polvo de cereales, hongos aerógenos y soja. Se estudiaron 56 paientes de ambos sexos, 36 niños y 20 adultos, provenientes de poblaciones cerealeras: Gral. Deheza, Sampacho, Moldes y Río Cuarto. El diagnóstico de terreno alérgico se realizó por historia clínica, examen de mucosa nasal, dosaje de IgE sérica total y estudio de exudado nasal seriado, por técnica de Hansel. El diagnóstico de los alergenos involucrados se realizó por pruebas cutáneas y de degranulación de basófilos. Antes y después de la administración de la droga se estableció una escala de 0 a 6 puntos para evaluación de los síntomas; un punto por presencia de cada síntoma: rinorrea, prurito nasal, estornudos, obstrucción nasal, alteraciones de la olfación y otros (conjuntivitis, cefaleas, palidez de mucosas y/o dolor). Se administró el producto A 26 niños y 10 adultos. Los pacientes que recibieron Budesonide tanto niños como adultos, mostraron mejoría respecto al grupo placebo (p<0,01) y respecto de la evaluación previa al tratamiento (p<0,01). Los trastornos en la olfación mejoraron en los grupos con Budesonide: 22 niños: 84,62 por ciento y 8 adultos: 80 por ciento y en ninguno de los que recibieron placebo. En los grupos que emplearon el glucocorticoide disminuyeron todos los síntomas con diferencias estadísticamente muy significativas tanto en los grupos antes vs después como al compararlos con los grupos correspondientes que recibieron placebo. El producto aplicado en tópico intranasal, estaría indicado con posibilidades de efectos benéficos en el tratamiento de rinitis alérgica tanto en niños como en adultos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Budesonide/therapeutic use , Single-Blind Method , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Budesonide/administration & dosage , Placebos , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosisABSTRACT
De enero de 1995 a marzo de 1996, en diferentes laboratorios de la Isla de Margarita, se lograron aislar 355 cepas de Haemophilus influenzae provenientes de pacientes pediátricos y adultos. 310 de estas cepas se obtuvieron del tracto respiratorio superior o lugares relacionados y 37 del tracto genital tanto femenino como masculino. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los patrones locales de resistencia del H.influenzae a los diferentes antibióticos. Se encontró que el 57 por ciento de las cepas fueron resistentes al trimetoprin-sulfa, 34 por ciento a la rifampicina, 27 por ciento tanto a la ampicilina como a la tetraciclina, 26 por ciento al cloranfenicol, 7 por ciento a la ampicilina-sulbactam y 6 por ciento a la cefuroxima, no hallándose cepas resistentes a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, quinolonas e imipenem. Los patrones de resistencia del H.influenzae en este estudio son similares a los patrones europeos para algunos antibióticos, lo que nos sugiere cierta relación de la ubicación geográfica con las características del germen: nuevas y más efectivas modalidades terapéuticas serán necesarias en un futuro
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La estimulación electrica de la coclea es un gran adelanto tecnologico, que beneficia en gran medida a la población sorda bilateral que no es susceptible de mejorar con el tratamiento convencional de audifonos. Su historia se remonta al S. XVIII, cuando Volta estimulo electricamente los oidos mediante un alambre metalico. Pero no fue sino hasta en las tres ultimas decadas cuando el avance tecnologico, la miniaturización de los componentes, los estudios de biocompatibilidad y las experiencias obtenidas en los marcapasos cardiacos permitieron finalmente estimular en forma directa los restos neuronales auditivos de manera controlada, segura y eficaz