ABSTRACT
O sarampo é uma doença infecciosa aguda, altamente contagiosa e imunoprevenível que continua sendo uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças em todo o mundo, especialmente nas menores de cinco anos de idade. No ano de 2019, cerca de 207.000 pessoas foram à óbito devido ao sarampo no mundo a maioria crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade. Neste mesmo ano, o Brasil apresentou um surto desta doença, sendo que mais de 80% dos casos confirmados foram no estado de São Paulo. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na descrição epidemiol gica dos casos confirmados de sarampo em crian as menores de cinco anos de idade, ocorridos nos munic pios de a rang ncia do rupo de Vigil ncia pidemiol gica Soroca a V Soroca a no ano de 2019. Durante o surto de 2019 foram notificados 1265 casos suspeitos de sarampo, sendo que 263 foram confirmados. Destes, 144 (54,7%) ocorreram em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade, sendo que o coeficiente de incidência da doença sarampo foi maior nas crianças menores de um ano de idade (184,26/100.000 hab). Observou-se uma distribuição homogênea em relação ao sexo, sendo 50,7% do sexo feminino e 49,3% do sexo masculino e um predomínio da raça branca (74,3%). A taxa de internação foi de 8,3% enquanto no estado de São Paulo foi de 19,6% na mesma faixa etária. O bloqueio vacinal foi desencadeado em 79,8% dos casos. Os casos confirmados tiveram como sinais/sintomas presentes, além de febre e exantema, coriza (71,5%), tosse (69,4%) e conjuntivite (31,9%). Observou-se que os municípios com elevada cobertura vacinal nos anos anteriores, de 2014 a 2019, ao surto não apresentaram casos nesta faixa etária.
Measles is an acute infectious disease, highly contagious and vaccine-preventable that still remains as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children in the whole world, specially those under the age of five. In 2019, about 207.000 people died from measles - most of them children under five years old. That same year, Brazil had an outbreak of this disease, with over 80% of confirmed cases in the state of São Paulo. The goal of this work consisted in the epidemiological analyses of the confirmed cases of measles in children under the age of five in the municipalities of coverage of the rupo de Vigil ncia pidemiol gica Soroca a V Soroca a in the year of 2019. During the outbreak in 2019, there were 1265 suspected cases of measles were reported, of which 263 were confirmed. Of this, 144 (54,7%) occurred in children under five years old, with a higher incidence coefficient of measles disease in children under one year of age (184,26/100.000 hab). There was a homogenous distribution regarding gender, 50.7% female and 49,3% male and a predominance of the white race (74,3%). The hospitalization rate was 8,3% while the state of São Paulo had a 19,6% rate in the same age group. Vaccine blockade was triggered in 79,8% of the cases. The confirmed cases had as signs/symptoms present, in addition to fever and exanthema, runny nose, cough and conjunctivitis. It was observed that the municipalities with high vaccination coverage in the years prior to the outbreak, from 2014 to 2019, did not present cases in this age group.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rubella vaccination is contraindicated during pregnancy. During mass immunization of women of childbearing age against rubella, women unknowingly pregnant may be vaccinated. To evaluate the effects of rubella vaccination during pregnancy, the Brazilian state of São Paulo conducted a follow-up study of pregnant women vaccinated during a rubella campaign in 2001. METHODS: Women vaccinated during pregnancy were reported to a national surveillance system. In the state of São Paulo, follow-up of vaccinated women included household interviews. Serum samples from vaccinated women were tested for antirubella antibodies to classify susceptibility to rubella infection. Children born to susceptible mothers were tested for evidence of congenital rubella infection and evaluated for signs of congenital rubella syndrome. RESULTS: The São Paulo State Health Department received 6473 notifications of women vaccinated during pregnancy. Serology performed for 5580 women identified 811 (15%) that were previously susceptible. Incidence of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth among previously susceptible vaccinated women was similar to women with prior immunity. Twenty-seven (4.7%) of 580 newborns tested had evidence of congenital rubella infection; none had congenital rubella syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Mass rubella vaccination of women of childbearing age was not associated with adverse birth outcomes or congenital rubella syndrome among children born to women vaccinated during pregnancy.