Influence of abutment material, cement thickness, and crown type on the final color of implant-supported restorations.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of abutment material, cement thickness, and crown type on the esthetics of implant supported restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty specimens were prepared to represent 6 abutment groups; Group PA = Pink-anodized Ti, Group GA = Gold-anodized Ti, Group T = Non-anodized Ti, Group H = Hybrid (Ti + zirconia), Group P = PEEK (Ti + PEEK), and Group C = Composite resin, (control). Crown specimens (n = 120) were 2 obtained from Vita Enamic (VE) and Vita Suprinity (VS). Two cement thicknesses (0.1 and 0.2 mm) were used. The color values of crown configurations were measured and ΔE00* values were calculated. Statistical analyses were included Shapiro Wilk, 3-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Abutment (P < 0.001) and crown materials (P = 0.001) had a significant effect on ΔE00* values, while cement thickness did not. Groups PA and H resulted in significantly lower mean ΔE00* values than other abutments, whereas Group T revealed the highest. Unlike VS, cement thicknesses created a significant difference on the ΔE00* values for VE (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pink-anodized Ti or hybrid abutments for VE and pink- or gold-anodized Ti for VS seem to be better options, in terms of color change. Cement thickness of 0.1 mm resulted in higher ΔE00* value than 0.2 mm for VE (P ≤£ 0.05). Int J Prosthodont. 10.11607/ijp.8564.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Composites for Amalgam Repair with or Without Alloy Primer, in Terms of Shear Bond Strength / Evaluación de la efectividad de los compuestos autoadhesivos para la reparación de amalgamas con o sin imprimación de aleación, en términos de resistencia al cizallamiento

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-adhesive composites in amalgam repair as time-saving alternatives to universal bonding-universal composite materials, with or without the usage of Alloy Primer in terms of shear bond strength. Materials and Methods: Forty- two disc-shaped amalgam samples were prepared by condensing into 6×2 mm holes in acrylic resin blocks, sandblasted with 50 μm Al2O3 and randomly divided into 6 groups according to repair material [Constic (Group C), Fusio Liquid Dentin (Group FLD), Universal bonding+Universal composite (Group Control), Alloy Primer+Constic (Group APC), Alloy Primer+Fusio Liquid Dentin (Group APFLD), Alloy Primer+Universal bonding+Universal composite (Group APControl)]. After shear bond strength test, the fracture modes were determined under a digital microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The highest shear bond strength values were obtained for Fusio Liquid Dentin, among the three repair materials when Alloy Primer was not applied (p<0.05). Usage of Alloy Primer increased shear bond strength values of the investigated repair materials to amalgam, except Fusio Liquid Dentin. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present research, it can be concluded that; the investigated self-adhesive composite materials could be time-saving alternatives to the Universal bonding+Universal composite for the purpose of amalgam repair, in terms of shear bond strength. The clinicians could prefer Fusio Liquid Dentin self-adhesive composite material without Alloy Primer application for the purpose of amalgam repair in non-cooperative patients.

Resumen Propósito: El propósito de la presente investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de las resinas compuestas autoadhesivas en la reparación de amalgamas como alternativas que ahorran tiempo con respecto a las resinas compuestas universales de adhesión universal, con o sin el uso de Alloy Primer en términos de resistencia al cizallamiento. Materiales y métodos: Se prepararon 42 muestras de amalgama en forma de disco condensándolas en orificios de 6×2 mm en bloques de resina acrílica, arenadas con 50 μm de Al2O3 y divididas al azar en 6 grupos según el material de reparación [Constic (Grupo C), Fusio Liquid Dentin (Grupo FLD), Adhesivo universal+Resina universal (Grupo Control), Imprimación de aleación+Constic (Grupo APC), Imprimación de aleación+Fusio Liquid Dentin (Grupo APFLD), Imprimación de aleación+Adhesivo universal+Resina universal (Grupo APControl)]. Después de la prueba de resistencia al cizallamiento, los modos de fractura se determinaron bajo un microscopio digital. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de varianza unidireccional y la prueba post hoc de Tukey. Resultados: Se obtuvieron los valores de resistencia al cizallamiento más altos para Fusio Liquid Dentin, entre los tres materiales de reparación cuando no se aplicó Alloy Primer (p<0.05). El uso de Alloy Primer aumentó los valores de resistencia al cizallamiento de los materiales de reparación investigados para la amalgama, excepto Fusio Liquid Dentin. Conclusión: Dentro de las limitaciones de la presente investigación, se puede concluir que; los materiales compuestos autoadhesivos investigados podrían ser alternativas que ahorran tiempo con respecto al adhesivo universal+resina universal con el fin de reparar las amalgamas, en términos de resistencia a la cizalladura. Los clínicos podrían preferir el material compuesto autoadhesivo Fusio Liquid Dentin sin la aplicación Alloy Primer con el fin de reparar amalgamas en pacientes poco cooperadores.

Shear bond strengths of aged and non-aged CAD/CAM materials after different surface treatments.

PURPOSE: To assess shear bond strengths (SBS) of resin composites on aged and non-aged prosthetic materials with various surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cerasmart (CE), Vita Enamic (VE), Vita Mark II (VM), and IPS e.max CAD (EC) blocks were sliced, and rectangular-shaped specimens (14 × 12 × 1.5 mm; N = 352) were obtained. Half of the specimens were aged (5000 thermal cycles) for each material. Non-aged and aged specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the surface treatments (control, air abrasion, etching, and laser irradiation; n = 11) and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The repair procedure was performed after the surface treatments. SBS values and failure types were determined. Obtained data were statistically analyzed (P≤.05). RESULTS: The material type, surface treatment type, and their interactions were found significant with regard to SBS (P<.001). Aging also had a significant effect on prosthetic material-resin composite bonding (P<.001). SBS values of non-aged specimens ranged from 12.16 to 17.91 MPa, while SBS values of aged specimens ranged from 9.46 to 15.61 MPa. Non-aged VM in combination with acid etching presented the highest score while the control group of aged CE showed the lowest. CONCLUSION: Etching was more effective in achieving durable SBS for VM and EC. Laser irradiation could be considered as an alternative surface treatment method to air abrasion for all tested materials. Aging had significant effect on SBS values generated between tested materials and resin composite.

Evaluating Ceramic Repair Materials in Terms of Bond Strength and Color Stability.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and color stability (ΔE) of four ceramic veneers (VITA VM 9; VITA VM 13; VITA VMK 95; and IPS e.max Ceram) following repair with three different self-adhesive composite resins (Fusio Liquid Dentin; Constic; and Vertise Flow) and BISCO Intraoral Repair Kit + Filtek Supreme (BC + FS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 specimens were prepared per ceramic material, and each ceramic group was divided into subgroups according to testing method (32 specimens for color stability analysis and 64 specimens for SBS testing). ΔE and SBS (SBS1 = non-aged, SBS2 = thermally aged) values of the repaired specimens were calculated. One specimen from each of the thermally aged groups was investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the mean ΔE, SBS1, and SBS2 values. The differences between SBS1 and SBS2 values were analyzed using independent-samples t test. RESULTS: The lowest ΔE values were calculated for Constic (P ≤ .05). The SBS2 values among all groups were lower than the SBS1 values (P ≤ .05). The lowest SBS2 values were observed for Vertise Flow (2.3 ± 1.47 MPa) (P ≤ .05) and were below the acceptable limit of 5 MPa. CONCLUSION: All of the investigated repair materials in combination with the ceramic veneers exhibited ΔE values that were higher than the clinically acceptable limits. Thermal aging negatively affected the SBS values in all groups (P ≤ .05). All tested self-adhesive composite resins, with the exception of Vertise Flow, could be used instead of a repair kit with flowable composite resin, especially in noncooperative patients, for the purpose of repairing chipping fractures for VITA VM 9, VITA VM 13, and VITA VMK 95 (P > .05).

Could Microwave Glazing Be Considered as an Alternative to Conventional Surface Finishing Methods of Ceramic Materials in Terms of Color Stability?

PURPOSE: To examine microwave heating for the purpose of ceramic glazing as an alternative to conventional methods in terms of color stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty disk-shaped specimens (11 × 2 mm) of VITA VM 9, VITA VM 13, VITA VMK 95, and IPS e.max Ceram veneers were prepared (n = 30 each). The specimens were further divided into three subgroups according to surface finishing procedure (polishing, conventional oven glazing, or microwave glazing [n = 10 each]). The related surface finishing procedure was applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. Color differences (ΔE) of the ceramic samples stored in a coffee solution at 37°C for 168 hours were determined using spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The group differences were analyzed using Tukey HSD test. RESULTS: Microwave-glazed specimens showed similar ΔE values to conventionally glazed specimens for the tested ceramics (P > .05). Polished specimens showed higher ΔE values than glazed specimens for the investigated ceramic materials, and the difference was significant for VITA VMK 95 and Vita VM9 (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSION: Microwave glazing has the advantage of decreasing glazing time to a few minutes and could be considered as an alternative method to conventional oven glazing and polishing with respect to color stability.

A technique to facilitate the fabrication of provisional restorations for ITI solid abutments.

The aim of this technique report was to present a procedure for the fabrication of provisional restorations for ITI solid abutments using impression caps in the laboratory with a number of advantages over intraoral techniques. There may be no need for cementation, and elimination of cementation may assist tissue healing.

Alternative treatment procedure in the case of fractured abutment of adhesive bridge: a clinical report.

UNLABELLED: In this case report, an alternative approach was presented for treatment of coronal fracture including pulp of maxillary central incisor, one of the abutments of an adhesive bridge, by using fiber post and tooth's own fractured component. The patient was referred to our clinic with the complaint of pain from the upper right central incisor and mobility of the adhesive bridge in maxillary anterior segment. It was realized that, the upper right central incisor, one of the abutments of the adhesive bridge, had been fractured at middle thirds of the crown including the pulp chamber. After dismounting the adhesive bridge and completion of the root canal treatment, a fiber post was placed into the fractured tooth. The fractured component, adherent to adhesive bridge retainer, was concorded to the fiber post. The whole structure was cemented with adhesive resin. A 1-mm-wide groove was made along the fracture line and restored with composite resin. The patient was evaluated clinically and radiographically at 12 and 30 months after the treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Adhesive cementation of fractured component by supporting the remaining tooth structure with a fiber post is an inexpensive and conservative treatment alternative when the fractured component is compatible with the remaining tooth structure in cases of tooth fractures including the pulp chamber at anterior segment.