ABSTRACT
The intense selection of characteristics related to animal performance may affect the reproductive efficiency of beef cows negatively. Selection for fertility along with production traits is, therefore, readily justifiable. The objective of the present study was to evaluate possible relationships among AFC, serum AMH concentrations and external morphometrics with reproductive efficiency in Tabapuã (a Brazilian Bos indicus beef breed) females. Antral follicle counts and external morphometrics were measured in nulliparous (nâ¯=â¯162), primiparous (nâ¯=â¯80) and multiparous (nâ¯=â¯351) cows, from four farms. Age at first parturition (AFP), parturition interval (PI), maternal ability (MA), precocity, rusticity and survival (PRS) and overall reproductive efficiency (RE) were evaluated according to the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ) data bank indexes. A single blood sample per animal was collected at random stages of the reproductive cycle from a subset of animals (nulliparousâ¯=â¯84, primiparous and multiparousâ¯=â¯136) to determine serum AMH concentrations. The AFC classes were defined as lesser (<28), intermediate (28-50) and greater (>50). Correlations between all variables and the effects of parity and AFC on reproductive traits, AMH and external genitalia size were analyzed by the PROCORR and by the PROCGENMOD procedures of SAS® (SAS, Cary, NC, USA), respectively. Antral follicle count did not differ (Pâ¯=â¯0.71) among nulliparous (38.6⯱â¯23.96) primiparous (47.54⯱â¯26.16) and multiparous (41.08⯱â¯25) cows and was negatively correlated with pregnancy interval (PI), such that, as PI decreased (râ¯=â¯-0.28; Pâ¯<â¯0.005), AFC increased. Vulva width was not affected (Pâ¯=â¯0.08) by parity and was larger (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) for females in the greater AFC class (8.81⯱â¯0.12â¯cm) compared with the intermediate (8.42⯱â¯0.11â¯cm) and lesser (8.38⯱â¯0.13â¯cm) classes. As vulva width increased, parturition interval decreased (râ¯=â¯-0.15; Pâ¯<â¯0.005) and overall reproductive efficiency increased (râ¯=â¯0.17, pâ¯<â¯0.005). Thoracic depth was associated with greater AFCs (râ¯=â¯0.10; Pâ¯<â¯0.001). Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations were greater (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) for animals in the greater AFC class (1.15⯱â¯0.09â¯ng/mL) compared with the lesser (0.44⯱â¯0.02â¯ng/mL) and intermediate (0.73⯱â¯0.05â¯ng/mL) classes. Vulva width, AFC, external morphometrics and AMH concentrations were moderately associated, considering the low heritability of fertility traits, and should be studied further to be considered in the selection for fertility in Bos indicus cattle.
Subject(s)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone/metabolism , Cattle/physiology , Fertility/physiology , Ovarian Follicle/physiology , Animals , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Female , Pregnancy , Vulva/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en la comparación de las modificaciones epifisarias ocurridas en la falange proximal del 1º dedo y falanges media y distal del 3º dedo para la determinación de la edad ósea. La muestra se basó en 131 radiografías cárpales de pacientes de ambos sexos seleccionados de la clínica de ortodoncia de FOA-UNESP y HRAC-USP, Brasil. Los centros de osificación fueron analizados individualmente por un único examinador. La comparación entre los cambios óseos ocurridos en la falange proximal del 1º dedo y falanges media y distal del 3º dedo mostro una similitud del 91,6%. La evaluación de las radiografías que no presentaron similitud revelo que 1,5%presentaban el 1º dedo en una fase de maduración más avanzada al ser comparado son el 3º dedo. Ya el 6,8% exhibió un nivel más maduro del desarrollo óseo cuando el 3º dedo fue analizado. La comparación por el test de McNemar reveló un valor de p=0,07, reflejando que no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las diferencias presentadas en la determinación de la edad ósea por el 1º o 3º dedos. Los resultados mostraron que los estadios epifisarios en estos dos centros de referencia fueron coincidentes, y por tanto pueden ser utilizados de manera independiente en la evaluación de la fase de maduración (AU)
The purpose of this study was to compare the epiphyseal events of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with the medial and distal phalanxes of the third finger in the determination of the bone age. The sample comprised 131 hand-wrist radiographs of males and females selected from the archive of the Orthodontics Clinic of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba UNESP and from PROFIS/Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies-USP. The ossification centers were analyzed by only one examiner. The comparison between the osseous events of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the medial and distal phalanxes of the third finger has shown a 91.6% agreement. Evaluation of the radiographs that did not show any agreement revealed that 1.5%presented the thumb in a more advanced maturational stage when compared to the third finger, while 6.8% showed a more advanced level of bone development when the third finger was analyzed. Comparison using the McNemar test (p = 0.07) revealed no statistically significant difference in the determination of bone age when either the first or third fingers were used. The findings show that the epiphyseal stages are coincident and, therefore, can be used independently in the evaluation of maturational stage (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Age Determination by Skeleton/methods , Age Determination by Teeth/methods , Fingers/growth & development , Skeleton , Anthropometry/methods , Orthodontics/methodsABSTRACT
Pesquisou-se a degradaçäo da força em sete tipos de cadeias de elastomêros durante um mês, observou-se a perda de aproximadamente 35 por cento desta força, ao final do primeiro dia, e de 75 por cento, ao final do experimento
Subject(s)
RubberABSTRACT
Se expone en forma breve y sucinta la metodología general del trabajo previo a la proyección del SAD ramal, la elaboración del árbol de objetivos del sistema en estudio, la elaboración de su modelo logico-informativo, el perfeccionamiento de su estructura organizativa. Se exponen además los dos primeros niveles del árbol de objetivos del Sistema Nacional de Salud eleborados en forma tentativa para su discusión en la Comisión de Expertos del Organismo
