Perspective of patients with first-episode psychosis, their relatives, and mental health professionals on the design and usability of an app in clinical practice.

AIM: Therapeutic non-compliance remains the main difficulty for people with psychotic disorders, standing around 50% in people with schizophrenia. Lack of treatment adherence, either partial or total, to medication has economic and clinical consequences. E-health technologies may be a promising therapeutic tool to improve adherence, with the subsequent reduction in clinical and economic burden. Our aims were to know the preferences on how technologies in mental health treatment should be for use in clinical practice, and to learn about the opinion and preferences on the use of technologies in mental health treatment from the perspectives of patients with FEP, their relatives, and mental health professionals. METHODS: Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis (FEP), 18 relatives and 49 mental health professionals were included in the study. They completed an online survey related to the use, availability and user-skill of online platforms and apps created by a group of experts in psychosis and in the use of technologies. Data were summarized in frequencies, percentages, and means, and Chi-square tests were used to calculate differences between-groups. RESULTS: An app directed to people with psychosis would be well received by users if it contains psychoeducational material, offers reminders for scheduled visits and treatment and allows online consultations. CONCLUSIONS: Co-creating an app with users, their families and mental health professionals allows incorporating their preferences to increase its use, improve outpatient care and creating an app that is viable in clinical practice.

Quality in Psychiatric Care in the Community Mental Health Setting from the Perspective of Patients and Staff.

The current paradigm of mental health care focuses on care provided in the community, increasingly moving away from hospital care models that involve considerable economic burden. Patient and staff perspectives on the quality of psychiatric care can highlight strengths and areas for improvement to ensure better care provision. The aim of this study was to describe and compare perceptions of quality of care among patients and staff in community mental health services and to determine possible relationships between these perceptions and other study variables. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a sample of 200 patients and 260 staff from community psychiatric care services in the area of Barcelona (Spain). The results showed high overall levels of quality of care from patient (m = 104.35 ± 13.57) and staff (m =102.06 ± 8.80) perspectives. Patients and staff both gave high scores to Encounter and Support factors, while factors concerning patient Participation and Environment received the lowest scores. Continuous assessment of the quality of psychiatric care in the community setting is essential to ensure the highest quality of care, taking the perspectives of those involved into account.

Spanish adaptation of the quality in psychiatric care-outpatient (QPC-OP) instrument community mental health patients' version: psychometric properties and factor structure.

BACKGROUND: Health systems in the field of mental health are strongly committed to community models that allow patients to be attended in their own environment. This helps them to maintain their family and social ties while trying to avoid costly hospital admissions. The patients' perspective is a key component in the assessment of the quality of psychiatric care and can even determine their adherence to the devices where they are treated. However, there are few instruments with adequate psychometric properties for the evaluation of the quality of psychiatric care in community mental health. The Quality in Psychiatric Care - Outpatient (QPC-OP) instrument has adequate psychometric properties to assess the quality of psychiatric care from the patients' perspective. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the QPC-OP instrument. METHODS: A translation and back-translation of the instrument was carried out. To examine its psychometric properties, the instrument was administered to 200 patients attending various community mental health services. To assess test-retest reliability, the instrument was readministered after 7-14 days (n = 98). RESULTS: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a structure of 8 factors identical to the original version, with an adequate model fit. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.951. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.764 (95% IC: 0.649 - 0.842), and higher than 0.70 in 5 of the 8 factors. Additionally, an EFA was performed and revealed that the instrument could behave in a unifactorial or four factor manner in the sample analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that the Spanish version of the QPC-OP instrument is valid and reliable for the assessment of quality of psychiatric care in the community setting.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Spanish Quality in Psychiatric Care Forensic Inpatient Staff (QPC-FIPS) instrument.

"Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic Inpatient Staff (QPC-FIPS) is an instrument of Swedish origin validated to measure the perception of the quality of mental health care provided by forensic psychiatry professionals. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the QPC-FIPS instrument and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the instrument. A psychometric study was carried out. For validity, content validity, convergent validity and construct validity were included. For reliability, the analysis of internal consistency and temporal stability was included. The sample consisted of 153 mental health professionals from four Forensic Psychiatry units. The adapted Spanish version of the QPC-FIPS scale was configured with the same number of items and dimensions as the original. The psychometric properties, in terms of temporal stability and internal consistency, were adequate and the factor structure, such as the homogeneity of the dimensions of the Spanish version of the QPC-FIPS, was equivalent to the original Swedish version. We found that the QPC_FIPS-Spanish is a valid, reliable and easy-to-apply instrument for assessing the self-perception of professionals regarding the care they provide.

Adaptation, psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish Quality in Psychiatric Care-Outpatient Staff (QPC-OPS) instrument.

Quality of care is a multidimensional concept that should include the perspectives of all parties involved. There are few instruments with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of the quality of psychiatric care in community mental health. Quality in Psychiatric Care-Outpatient Staff (QPC-OPS) instrument has adequate psychometric properties to evaluate the quality of psychiatric care from the perspective of professionals. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the QPC-OPS instrument. The instrument was translated and back-translated, and then was administered to 260 professionals from distinct community mental health services. To assess test-retest reliability, it was re-administered after 7-14 days (n = 157). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an 8-factor-structure identical to the original version, showing the good fit of the model. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.885. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.847 (95% IC 0.790-0.888), which was higher than 0.70 in all factors bar one. The NT394 General Satisfaction Scale was used for analysis of convergent validity showing a rho correlation of 0.31 (p < 0.0001). Results show that the Spanish version of the QPC-OPS instrument is valid and reliable for the assessment of the quality of psychiatric care in the community setting.

A Spanish adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument: Psychometric properties and factor structure.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Western countries share an interest in evaluating and improving quality of care in the healthcare field. The aim was to develop and examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish version of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument. METHODS: A psychometric study was conducted, translating the QPC-IPS instrument into Spanish, revision of the instrument by a panel of experts, and assessing its psychometric properties. 150 psychiatric inpatients completed the QPC-IP. Test-retest reliability was assessed by re-administering the questionnaire to 75 of these patients. RESULTS: After conducting pilot testing and a cognitive interview with 30 inpatients, it was determined that the QPC-IPS was adequate and could be self-administered. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 was obtained for the full instrument and values of 0.52-0.89 for the various dimensions of the questionnaire. Test re test reliability: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the full questionnaire was 0.69, while for the individual dimensions values between 0.62 and 0.74 were obtained, indicating acceptable temporal stability. Convergent validity was analysed using 10-point numerical satisfaction scale, giving a positive correlation (0.49). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed six factors consistent with the original scale. The Spanish version yielded adequate results in terms of validity and reliability. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence of the convergent validity, reliability, temporal stability and construct validity of the Spanish QPC-IP for measuring patient quality in psychiatric care in Spanish hospitals. Hospital administrators can use this tool to assess and identify areas for improvement to enhance quality in psychiatric care.

Evolución del concepto de calidad de los cuidados en salud mental / Evolution of the concept of quality of mental health care

La calidad en la asistencia sanitaria se ha convertido en una pieza clave dentro de la práctica clínica. No solo es importante hacer las cosas bien, sino obtener el conocimiento objetivo de las personas que reciben nuestro cuidado. La perspectiva del paciente nos acerca a conocer dicho conocimiento, pero no es el único. Conocer las perspectivas de los profesionales que trabajan a diario es también un pilar fundamental que en ocasiones no recibe la importancia que se le debe. En el ámbito de la salud mental, el concepto de calidad adopta una especial relevancia, ya que la relación terapéutica que se establece entre paciente y profesional es singular y única. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de la calidad asistencial en este ámbito ha tenido poca repercusión. El concepto de calidad está ampliamente desarrollado en el ámbito médico, pero también en el ámbito de enfermería, representado por dos grandes pensadoras. Este trabajo conceptual pretende conocer la evolución del concepto de calidad desde el punto de vista tanto del paciente como del profesional asistencial de los servicios de salud mental

Quality in healthcare has become a key piece in clinical practice. It is not only important to do things well, but to obtain the objective knowledge of the people who receive our care. The patient's perspective brings us closer to knowing this knowledge, but it is not the only one. Knowing the perspectives of professionals who work daily is also a fundamental pillar that sometimes is not given the due importance. In the field of mental health, the concept of quality takes on special relevance because the therapeutic relationship established between patient and professional is unique and essential. However, knowledge of the quality of care in this area has had little impact.The concept of quality is widely developed in the medical field, but also in the field of nursing, represented by two great thinkers. This conceptual work aims to know the evolution of the concept of quality in order to focus on the concept of quality understood both by the patient and the professional of the mental health services perspective

Psychometric properties of instruments measuring quality and satisfaction in mental health: A systematic review.

AIM: To identify the methodological quality of each study and analyse the psychometric properties of instruments measuring quality and satisfaction with care from the perspective of mental health patients and professionals. BACKGROUND: In recent years, interest in rigorously assessing quality of care in mental health and nursing has increased. Health professionals and researchers should select the most adequate instrument based on knowledge of its measurement properties. REVIEW DESIGN: A psychometric review was conducted of the instruments from the perspectives of both patients and professionals according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments panel (COSMIN). DATA SOURCES: Articles published from January 2005 - September 2016 were identified in a search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. We included studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. REVIEW METHODS: Inclusion criteria were applied to all articles validated and reviewed by a second independent reviewer. The analysis included the use of the COSMIN checklist and the Terwee quality criteria. RESULTS: In the 34 studies selected, a total of 22 instruments which measure quality and satisfaction with care provided, according to patients and/or professionals, were identified. Most are instruments with sound, contemporary theoretical foundations. They vary to the extent to which they have been used in empirical studies and with respect to evaluation of their validity and reliability, although five instruments stand out as yielding good-excellent values in quality criteria. CONCLUSION: The present psychometric review found that five of the instruments met valid psychometric criteria. In light of the current economic situation, future reviews should include analysis of the usefulness of instruments based on cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and educational impact.