Synthesis and Characterization of Multilayered CrAlN/Al2O3 Tandem Coating Using HiPIMS for Solar Selective Applications at High Temperature.

The effect of applying a negative bias during deposition of a previously designed multilayer solar selective absorber coating was studied on two types of substrates (316L stainless steel and Inconel 625). The solar selective coating is composed of different chromium aluminum nitride layers deposited using a combination of radiofrequency (RF), direct current (DC), and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technologies. The chemical composition is varied to generate an infrared reflective/absorber layer (with low Al addition and N vacancies) and two CrAlN intermediate layers with medium and high aluminum content (Al/Cr = 0.6 and 1.2). A top aluminum oxide layer (Al2O3) is deposited as an antireflective layer. In this work, a simultaneous DC-pulsed bias (-100 V, 250 kHz) was applied to the substrates in order to increase the film density. The optical performance, thermal stability, and oxidation resistance was evaluated and compared with the performance obtained with similar unbiased coating and a commercial Pyromark paint reference at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The coating remained stable after 200 h of annealing at 600 °C, with solar absorptance (α) values of 93% and 92% for samples deposited on stainless steel and Inconel, respectively, and a thermal emittance ε25°C of 18%. The introduction of additional ion bombardment during film growth through bias assistance resulted in increased durability, thermal stability, and working temperature limits compared with unbiased coatings. The solar-to-mechanical energy conversion efficiency at 800 °C was found to be up to 2 times higher than Pyromark at C = 100 and comparable at C = 1000.

[Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for COPD.] / Calidad de las guías de práctica clínica para la EPOC.

OBJECTIVE: World Health Organization deem Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Because of its impact on Public Health, it represents a great burden from an international economic point of view, despite it is an avoidable and treatable disease. Hence it is suitable to use Clinical Practice Guidelines which are recommendations systematically developed to aid decision making about health care to improve quality, and they must be subject to a review and update of an enriching methodological rigor. There is currently many Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease but there is insufficient evidence to determine if they have the degree of methological quality for been used in clinical practice. For which, we have evaluated the quality of these Clinical Practice Guidelines in Spanish using the AGREE II instrument. METHODS: We carried out a systematic search to find the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease published in Spanish between 2010-2017 and put a quality evaluation into effect by means of AGREE II instrument. RESULTS: We got six guidelines wich achieved inclusion criteria of the study and we draw the compliance of the domains in these guidelines by means of AGREE II instrument: Scope and purpose (55.56-92.59%), Stakeholder involvement (37.04-79.63%), Rigour of development (29.86-84.72%), Clarity of presentation (90.74-100%), Applicability (5.56-63.89%) and Editorial independence (5.56-94.44%). CONCLUSIONS: Only one guideline got the score to classify as Very Good Fulfilling/Very Hight Score; another four got Good Fulfilling/Hight Score; and last one got Low Fulfilling/Low Score.

OBJETIVO: La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica es considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como la cuarta causa de muerte en el mundo. Dado su impacto en la Salud Pública supone una gran carga desde un punto de vista económico a nivel internacional, pese a ser una enfermedad evitable y tratable. De ahí que resulte conveniente el empleo de Guías de Práctica Clínica, las cuales son recomendaciones elaboradas sistemáticamente para ayudar a la toma de decisiones respecto a los cuidados de salud para la mejora de la calidad asistencial, debiendo estar sujetas a revisión y actualización, a fin de enriquecer su rigor metodológico. Actualmente existen numerosas Guías de Práctica Clínica para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, pero no tenemos evidencia suficiente para determinar su grado de calidad metodológica para ser utilizadas en la práctica clínica. Por tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de las Guías de Práctica Clínica en español para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica mediante el instrumento AGREE II. METODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda sistemática para localizar las Guías de Práctica Clínica para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica publicadas en español entre 2010-2017 y ejecutamos una evaluación de la calidad mediante el instrumento AGREE II. RESULTADOS: Obtuvimos seis guías que cumplían los criterios de inclusión en el estudio y de la aplicación del instrumento AGREE II extrajimos el cumplimiento de los dominios en las distintas guías: Alcance y Objetivo (55,56-92,59%), Participación de los implicados (37,04-79,63%), Rigor en la elaboración (29,86-84,72%), Claridad en la presentación (90,74-100%), Aplicabilidad (5,56-63,89%) y Independencia editorial (5,56-94,44%). CONCLUSIONES: Podemos decir que solo una de las guías obtuvo puntuación para clasificarla como Muy Buen Cumplimiento/Muy Alta puntuación; otras cuatro obtuvieron Buen Cumplimiento/Alta Puntuación; y, finalmente, la última Bajo Cumplimiento/Baja Puntuación.

Calidad de las guías de práctica clínica para la EPOC / Quality of clinical practice guidelines for COPD

OBJETIVO: La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica es considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como la cuarta causa de muerte en el mundo. Dado su impacto en la Salud Pública supone una gran carga desde un punto de vista económico a nivel internacional, pese a ser una enfermedad evitable y tratable. De ahí que resulte conveniente el empleo de Guías de Práctica Clínica, las cuales son recomendaciones elaboradas sistemáticamente para ayudar a la toma de decisiones respecto a los cuidados de salud para la mejora de la calidad asistencial, debiendo estar sujetas a revisión y actualización, a fin de enriquecer su rigor metodológico. Actualmente existen numerosas Guías de Práctica Clínica para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, pero no tenemos evidencia suficiente para determinar su grado de calidad metodológica para ser utilizadas en la práctica clínica. Por tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de las Guías de Práctica Clínica en español para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica mediante el instrumento AGREE II. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda sistemática para localizar las Guías de Práctica Clínica para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica publicadas en español entre 2010-2017 y ejecutamos una evaluación de la calidad mediante el instrumento AGREE II. RESULTADOS: Obtuvimos seis guías que cumplían los criterios de inclusión en el estudio y de la aplicación del instrumento AGREE II extrajimos el cumplimiento de los dominios en las distintas guías: Alcance y Objetivo (55,56-92,59%), Participación de los implicados (37,04-79,63%), Rigor en la elaboración (29,86-84,72%), Claridad en la presentación (90,74-100%), Aplicabilidad (5,56-63,89%) y Independencia editorial (5,56-94,44%). CONCLUSIONES: Podemos decir que solo una de las guías obtuvo puntuación para clasificarla como Muy Buen Cumplimiento/Muy Alta puntuación; otras cuatro obtuvieron Buen Cumplimiento/Alta Puntuación; y, finalmente, la última Bajo Cumplimiento/Baja Puntuación

OBJECTIVE: World Health Organization deem Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Because of its impact on Public Health, it represents a great burden from an international economic point of view, despite it is an avoidable and treatable disease. Hence it is suitable to use Clinical Practice Guidelines which are recommendations systematically developed to aid decision making about health care to improve quality, and they must be subject to a review and update of an enriching methodological rigor. There is currently many Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease but there is insufficient evidence to determine if they have the degree of methological quality for been used in clinical practice. For which, we have evaluated the quality of these Clinical Practice Guidelines in Spanish using the AGREE II instrument. METHODS: We carried out a systematic search to find the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease published in Spanish between 2010-2017 and put a quality evaluation into effect by means of AGREE II instrument. RESULTS: We got six guidelines wich achieved inclusion criteria of the study and we draw the compliance of the domains in these guidelines by means of AGREE II instrument: Scope and purpose (55.56-92.59%), Stakeholder involvement (37.04-79.63%), Rigour of development (29.86-84.72%), Clarity of presentation (90.74-100%), Applicability (5.56-63.89%) and Editorial independence (5.56-94.44%). CONCLUSIONS: Only one guideline got the score to classify as Very Good Fulfilling/Very Hight Score; another four got Good Fulfilling/Hight Score; and last one got Low Fulfilling/Low Score

Solid lubricant behavior of MoS2 and WSe2-based nanocomposite coatings.

Tribological coatings made of MoS2 and WSe2 phases and their corresponding combinations with tungsten carbide (WC) were prepared by non-reactive magnetron sputtering of individual targets of similar composition. A comparative tribological analysis of these multiphase coatings was done in both ambient air (30-40% relative humidity, RH) and dry nitrogen (RH<7%) environments using the same tribometer and testing conditions. A nanostructural study using advanced transmission electron microscopy of the initial coatings and examination of the counterfaces after the friction test using different analytical tools helped to elucidate what governs the tribological behavior for each type of environment. This allowed conclusions to be made about the influence of the coating microstructure and composition on the tribological response. The best performance obtained with a WSex film (specific wear rate of 2 × 10-8 mm3 N-1m-1 and a friction coefficient of 0.03-0.05) was compared with that of the well-established MoS2 lubricant material.

A nanoscale characterization with electron microscopy of multilayered CrAlYN coatings: a singular functional nanostructure.

A combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques and spatially resolved microanalysis is used to investigate the nanostructure, constituting phases, and chemical elemental distribution in CrAlYN multilayered coatings. The location of the metallic elements and their chemical state are needed to understand their functional properties. Samples were prepared with variable Al (4-12 at%) and Y (2-5 at%) contents by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates using metallic targets and Ar/N2 mixtures under different deposition parameters (power applied to the target and rotation speed of the sample holder). The changes produced in the nanostructure and chemical distribution were investigated. Nanoscale resolution electron microscopy analysis has shown that these coatings present a singular nanostructure formed by multilayers containing at a certain periodicity nanovoids filled with molecular nitrogen. Spatially resolved energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss elemental mappings and profiles showed that the chromium, aluminum, and yttrium atoms are distributed in a sequential way following the position of the targets inside the deposition chamber. Analysis of the different atomic distribution and phases formed at the nanoscale is discussed depending on the deposition parameters.