Phenolic Composition, Antiradical, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Propolis Extracts from North East Spain.

Antioxidant-related parameters and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes were assessed in eight North East Spain poplar propolis samples. Propolis extracts (PEs) were obtained using 70% ethanol (PEE) and methanol (PME). Yield and total phenol compounds were higher in PEE. Phenolic acids were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatograph-diode array detector. Caffeic and ferulic acids were quantified in all PEE and PME. All samples contained p-coumaric acid (quantified in 6 PEE and in 3 PME). Ascorbic acid was detected in all propolis, but mainly quantified in PME (≤0.37 mg/g PE). Biological properties were tested on PEE. As for antiradical activities, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) [against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)•+], ranged between 578 and 4620 µmol trolox/g, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (against DPPH free radical), between 0.049 and 0.094 mg/mL, antioxidant activity against hydroxyl (•OH) radical (AOA), between 0.04 and 11.01 mmol uric acid/g, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) against peroxyl (ROO•) radical between 122 and 3282 µmol trolox/g. Results of TEAC, AOA, and ORAC were significantly correlated. IC50 anti-inflammatory activity ranged from 1.08 to 6.19 mg/mL. Propolis showed higher inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes CECT934 and L. monocytogenes CP101 by agar well diffusion (P < .05) (10.5 and 10.2 mm, respectively) than against L. monocytogenes CP102 (7.0 mm). Data of this research show that North East Spain propolis may be of interest for pharmaceutical and food industry use.

Relationships among Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration, Catalase, Glucose Oxidase, and Antimicrobial Activities of Honeys.

Honey is a natural sweetener made by bees that exhibits antimicrobial activity, mainly related to its H2O2 content. The aim of this work was to research the H2O2 concentration of 24 Spanish honeys from different botanical origins, studying their possible correlation with glucose oxidase (GOx), catalase (CAT), and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activities (minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and percentage of inhibition at 5% (w/v) honey against Staphylococcus aureus), as well as possible correlations among all the analyzed parameters. The results showed that the H2O2 concentration did not depend on the botanical origin of the honeys. There were neither correlations between the H2O2 concentration and the activities of GOx and CAT, nor between GOx and antimicrobial activity. However, CAT and antimicrobial activities were positively correlated. Therefore, CAT could be successfully used as a possible marker of the antimicrobial activity of honeys against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, a linear regression model has been fitted to explain the antimicrobial activity from CAT and GOx activity and H2O2 concentration. Although H2O2 is one of the compounds involved in honey's antibacterial activity, this capacity also strongly depends on other honey components (such as low water activity, acidity, osmolarity, and phenolic compounds). The very high anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity exhibited by all samples could be interesting for commercial honey-based formulations also helping to promote local beekeeping.

Impact of the Drying Procedure and Botanical Origin on the Physico-Chemical and Potentially Bioactive Properties of Honey Powders.

This study was aimed at researching the impact of the drying procedure (using the most appropriate honey-maltodextrin concentration for each drying technique) and botanical origin of honey on the physicochemical and potentially bioactive properties of honey powders that were made using maltodextrin as a carrier. The research was carried out with thyme, lavender, vetch and multifloral honey dehydrated using vacuum drying and freeze drying. The analysed parameters were moisture, water activity, colour, glass transition temperature, powder recovery, hygroscopic index and rate, tapped density, solubility, and phenolics as well as antiradical (ABTS•+, ROO•, •OH and O2•-), anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial (against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes) activities. Freeze drying provided the highest recoveries. Powders obtained using freeze drying showed higher moisture and solubility as well as lower glass transition temperature, density and hygroscopicity than those obtained using vacuum drying. Hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature and antimicrobial activity against St. aureus depended on the drying procedure-honey concentration. Colour, anti-O2•- activity and antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes depended on the botanical origin of the raw honey. Moisture, solubility, density, total phenolic content, anti-ABTS•+ and anti-ROO• activities as well as anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial activity against E. coli depended on the drying procedure-honey concentration and botanical origin.

Relación de los índices de adiposidad visceral (VAI) y disfuncional (DAI) con parámetros de obesidad / Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI). Relationship with obesity parameters

Introducción La obesidad es una pandemia mundial con repercusión en morbilidad y mortalidad crecientes. Valoramos la fortaleza asociativa del índice de adiposidad visceral (VAI) y del índice de adiposidad disfuncional (DAI) en obesidad y riesgo asociado utilizando diversos métodos. Material y métodos Estudio transversal en 418.343 trabajadores de diferentes comunidades autónomas en España, estimando prevalencia de obesidad con: perímetro de cintura, Índice cintura/altura, IMC, CUN-BAE, ECORE-BF, RFM, Palafolls, IMG, METS-VF calculados ajustándose a sus fórmulas específicas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las variables categóricas y fortaleza asociativa de VAI y DAI para obesidad con curvas ROC considerando riesgo elevado cuando el valor AUC.0,8 y moderado con AUC.0,7 y.0,8. Se utilizó SPSS 27.0, considerando significación estadística p.0,05. Resultados La prevalencia de obesidad varía según el método utilizado, siendo alta con Palafolls (72,92% en mujeres y 86,98% en hombres) y baja con METS-VF (1,31% en mujeres y 8,54% en hombres). Los valores medios de VAI y DAI son siempre superiores en hombres. El AUC de la curva ROC para VAI fue alta con METS-VF: en mujeres 0,836 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 0,829-0,843), en hombres 0,848 (IC 95% 0,845-0,850) y con perímetro de cintura en hombres: 0,819 (IC 95% 0,816-0,822). DAI fue alto para METS-VF en mujeres: 0,809 (IC 95% 0,801-0,817). Conclusiones La prevalencia de obesidad y riesgo relacionado difiere según el método de valoración utilizado. VAI muestra alta fortaleza asociativa en obesidad y masa grasa para METS-VF en ambos sexos y con perímetro de cintura en hombres; DAI para METS-VF en mujeres (AU)

Introduction Obesity is a global pandemic with a growing impact on morbidity and mortality. We assessed the associative strength of the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Dysfunctional Adiposity Index (DAI) in obesity and associated risk using different methods. Material and methods Cross-sectional study in 418 343 workers from different autonomous communities in Spain, estimating prevalence of obesity with: waist circumference, waist/height index, BMI, CUN-BAE, ECORE-BF, RFM, PALAFOLLS, IMG, METS-VF calculated according to their specific formulas. Descriptive analysis of categorical variables and associative strength of VAI and DAI for obesity was performed with ROC curves considering high risk when the AUC value.0.8 and moderate with AUC.0.7 and.0.8. SPSS 27.0 was used, considering statistical significance p.0.05. Results The prevalence of obesity varied according to the method used, being high with Palafolls (72.92% in women and 86.98% in men) and low with METS-VF (1.31% in women and 8.54% in men). The mean values of VAI and DAI are always higher in men. The AUC of the ROC curve for VAI was high with METS-VF: in women 0.836 (95%CI 0.829-0.843), in men 0.848 (95%CI 0.845-0.850) and with waist circumference in men: 0.819 (95%CI 0.816-0.822). DAI was high for METS-FV in women: 0.809 (95%CI 0.801-0.817). Conclusions The prevalence of obesity and related risk differs according to the assessment method used. VAI shows high strength of association with obesity and fat mass for METS-VF in both sexes and with waist circumference in men; DAI for METS-VF in women (AU)

OSNA Total Tumor Load for the Prediction of Axillary Involvement in Breast Cancer Patients: Should We use Different Thresholds According to the Intrinsic Molecular Subtype? MOTTO Study.

Aims: To assess the impact of the molecular subtype (MS) on the total number of CK19 mRNA copies in all positive SLN (TTL) threshold, to predict non-SLN affectation, and to compare 5 years progression-free survival (PFS) according to the risk of recurrence (ROR) group by PAM50. Methods: Cohort with infiltrating breast cancer with intra-operative metastatic SLN detected by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay who underwent subsequent ALND. Logistic regression was used to assess a possible interaction between TTL and MS(Triple Negative, Her-2-Enriched, Luminal A, or Luminal B), or hormone receptors (HR: positive or negative) by immunohistochemistry (IMH). Cox regression was used to compare PFS and OS in the 3 ROR groups (high, medium, or low). Results: TTL was predictive of non-SLN affectation in both univariate (OR [95% CI]: 1.72 [1.43, 2.05], P < .001) and multivariate (1.55 [95% CI: 1.04, 2.32], P = .030) models, but MS-IMH or HR-IMH, and their interactions with TTL were not (best multivariate model: HR + main effect OR 1.16 [95% CI: 0.18, 7.64], P = .874; interaction OR: 1.04 [0.7, 1.55], P = .835; univariate model: HR + main effect OR: 1.44 [95% CI: 0.85, 2.44], P = .180). PFS was lower in the high-risk ROR group (81.1%) than in the low-risk group (93.9%) (HR: 3.68 [95 CI: 1.70, 7.94], P < .001). Conclusions: our results do not provide evidence to support the utilization of subtype-specific thresholds for TTL values to make therapeutic decisions on the axilla. The ROR group was predictive of 5 years-PFS.

[Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI). Relationship with obesity parameters]. / Relación de los índices de adiposidad visceral (VAI) y disfuncional (DAI) con parámetros de obesidad.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a global pandemic with a growing impact on morbidity and mortality. We assessed the associative strength of the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Dysfunctional Adiposity Index (DAI) in obesity and associated risk using different methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 418 343 workers from different autonomous communities in Spain, estimating prevalence of obesity with: waist circumference, waist/height index, BMI, CUN-BAE, ECORE-BF, RFM, PALAFOLLS, IMG, METS-VF calculated according to their specific formulas. Descriptive analysis of categorical variables and associative strength of VAI and DAI for obesity was performed with ROC curves considering high risk when the AUC value.0.8 and moderate with AUC.0.7 and.0.8. SPSS 27.0 was used, considering statistical significance p.0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity varied according to the method used, being high with Palafolls (72.92% in women and 86.98% in men) and low with METS-VF (1.31% in women and 8.54% in men). The mean values of VAI and DAI are always higher in men. The AUC of the ROC curve for VAI was high with METS-VF: in women 0.836 (95%CI 0.829-0.843), in men 0.848 (95%CI 0.845-0.850) and with waist circumference in men: 0.819 (95%CI 0.816-0.822). DAI was high for METS-FV in women: 0.809 (95%CI 0.801-0.817). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity and related risk differs according to the assessment method used. VAI shows high strength of association with obesity and fat mass for METS-VF in both sexes and with waist circumference in men; DAI for METS-VF in women.

Straightforward purification method for the determination of the activity of glucose oxidase and catalase in honey by extracting polyphenols with a film-shaped polymer.

Glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT) regulate the amount of H2O2 in honey, by generating or consuming it, so they are related to the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of honey. However, their activities are hardly analysed, since the process requires a previous dialysis that is non-selective, very time-consuming (>24 h), eco-unfriendly (>6L of buffer) and expensive. This research shows the design and performance of a material that selectively removes the actual interferents. The film-shaped-polymer is immersed for 90́ within a honey solution (12.5 mL of buffer), where it interacts exclusively with 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes, which we proved to be the real interferents (the material contains motifs derived from phenylboronic acid to interact with 1,2-diols). Polymeric chains favour condensation to occur exclusively with 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes, excluding monosaccharides. The interferents' removal using our designed polymer is selective, low cost (1.42€ per test), rapid and eco-friendly (saves 6L of buffer and 20.5 h of experimental workout per sample).

Smart sensory polymer for straightforward Zn(II) detection in pet food samples.

We report on an innovative method to measure the Zn(II) concentration in commercial pet food samples, both wet and dry food. It is based on a colorimetric sensory polymer prepared from commercial monomers and 0.5 % of a synthetic monomer having a quinoline sensory core (N-(8-(2-azidoacetamido)quinolin-5-yl)methacrylamide). We obtained the sensory polymer as crosslinked films by thermally initiated bulk radical polymerization of the monomers of 100 µm thickness, which we punched into Ø6 mm sensory discs. The immersion of the discs in water solutions containing Zn(II) turned the fluorescence on, allowing for the titration of this cation using the G parameter of a digital picture taken to the discs. The limits of detection and quantification were 29 and 87 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, we measured the concentration of Zn(II) even in the presence of other cations, detecting no significant interferences. Thus, in a further step, we obtained the concentration of Zn(II) from 15 commercial pet food samples, ranging from 19 to 198 mg/kg, following a simple extraction procedure and contacting the extractant with our sensory discs. These results were contrasted with that obtained by ICP-MS as a reference method.

Easy Nitrite Analysis of Processed Meat with Colorimetric Polymer Sensors and a Smartphone App.

We have developed an in situ methodology for determining nitrite concentration in processed meats that can also be used by unskilled personnel. It is based on a colorimetric film-shaped sensory polymer that changes its color upon contacting the meat and a mobile app that automatically calculates the manufacturing and residual nitrite concentration by only taking digital photographs of sensory films and analyzing digital color parameters. The film-shaped polymer sensor detects nitrite anions by an azo-coupling reaction, since they activate this reaction between two of the four monomers that the copolymer is based on. The sensory polymer is complemented with an app, which analyzes the color in two different digital color spaces (RGB and HSV) and performs a set of 32 data fittings representing the concentration of nitrite versus eight different variables, finally providing the nitrite concentration of the test samples using the best fitting curve. The calculated concentration of nitrite correlates with a validated method (ISO 2918: 1975) usually used to determine nitrite, and no statistically significant difference between these methods and our proposed one has been found in our study (26 meat samples, 8 prepared, and 18 commercial). Our method represents a great advance in terms of analysis time, simplicity, and orientation to use by average citizens.

Oral Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis: Prevalence and Association With Its Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics. / Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis. Prevalencia y asociación con sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. RESULTS: We studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral lesions, especially fissured tongue and periodontitis, is higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy controls. Oral lesions were associated with more severe psoriasis and a higher prevalence of associated comorbidities. We recommend examining the oral cavity of patients with psoriasis, especially those with more severe disease and comorbidities, irrespective of type of psoriasis, location, or time since onset.

Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis. Prevalencia y asociación con sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas / Oral Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis: Prevalence and Association With Its Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics

Antecedentes y objetivo: La psoriasis es una enfermedad con una gran implicación sistémica en la que se ha descrito una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis y su asociación con las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, incluyendo pacientes con psoriasis y voluntarios sanos entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se recogieron datos biométricos, comorbilidades asociadas y alteraciones orales detectadas en la exploración física. Además, en los pacientes con psoriasis se registraron las características clínicas de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con psoriasis y 100 controles. Los pacientes con psoriasis presentaron una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral respecto al grupo control (74% frente a 46%, p<0,001), destacando una mayor prevalencia de lengua fisurada (LF) (39% frente a 16%, p<0,001) y periodontitis (28% frente a 16%, p=0,04). La lengua geográfica resultó poco frecuente en ambos grupos (4% frente a 2%, p=0,68). Dentro del grupo con psoriasis, los pacientes con LF presentaron mayor prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (23,1% frente a 4,9%), diabetes mellitus (28,2% frente a 8,2%) y artritis psoriásica (15,4% frente a 1,6%) que aquellos sin LF. Los pacientes con periodontitis presentaron también mayor frecuencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (28,6% frente a 5,6%). La forma, la localización y el tiempo de evolución de la psoriasis no se relacionaron con más alteraciones orales. Sin embargo, los pacientes con alteraciones orales presentaron valores medios de la escala PASI (índice de severidad del área de psoriasis) más elevados (3,9 frente a 2,4, p=0,05). Los pacientes con LF presentaron un PASI más elevado que aquellos sin LF (4,7 frente a 2,7, p=0,03) (AU)

Background and objective: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. Results: We studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). (AU)

[Translated article] Oral Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis: Prevalence and Association With Its Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics / Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis. Prevalencia y asociación con sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas

Background and objective: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. Results: We studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: La psoriasis es una enfermedad con una gran implicación sistémica en la que se ha descrito una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis y su asociación con las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, incluyendo pacientes con psoriasis y voluntarios sanos entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se recogieron datos biométricos, comorbilidades asociadas y alteraciones orales detectadas en la exploración física. Además, en los pacientes con psoriasis se registraron las características clínicas de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con psoriasis y 100 controles. Los pacientes con psoriasis presentaron una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral respecto al grupo control (74% frente a 46%, p<0,001), destacando una mayor prevalencia de lengua fisurada (LF) (39% frente a 16%, p<0,001) y periodontitis (28% frente a 16%, p=0,04). La lengua geográfica resultó poco frecuente en ambos grupos (4% frente a 2%, p=0,68). Dentro del grupo con psoriasis, los pacientes con LF presentaron mayor prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (23,1% frente a 4,9%), diabetes mellitus (28,2% frente a 8,2%) y artritis psoriásica (15,4% frente a 1,6%) que aquellos sin LF. Los pacientes con periodontitis presentaron también mayor frecuencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (28,6% frente a 5,6%). La forma, la localización y el tiempo de evolución de la psoriasis no se relacionaron con más alteraciones orales. Sin embargo, los pacientes con alteraciones orales presentaron valores medios de la escala PASI (índice de severidad del área de psoriasis) más elevados (3,9 frente a 2,4, p=0,05). Los pacientes con LF presentaron un PASI más elevado que aquellos sin LF (4,7 frente a 2,7, p=0,03) (AU)