Acellular dermis-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction versus complete submuscular coverage: a head-to-head comparison of outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Complete submuscular tissue expander coverage affords the best protection against implant exposure but restricts lower pole expansion. Techniques using acellular dermis as a pectoralis muscle extension can allow for more rapid fill of the expander and better control of the inframammary fold. This study compares both techniques with regard to relevant outcomes. METHODS: Results of 100 consecutive breast expander reconstructions performed by two surgeons between 2004 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, expander coverage type, adjuvant treatment, length and characteristics of the expansion, and incidence and types of complications were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred women underwent breast reconstruction with 172 expanders, in 50 using complete submuscular placement and in 50 using partial subpectoral placement with acellular dermis. The patient groups were similar in terms of demographic data. Mean number of fills to complete reconstruction was 4.31 in the submuscular group and 1.72 in the acellular dermis group (p = 0.0001). Mean intraoperative fill volume was 130 cc in the submuscular group, compared with 412 cc per expander in the acellular dermis group (p = 0.0001). Fisher's exact test demonstrated no significant difference in total complication rate between the two groups (14 percent versus 18 percent; p = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: Acellular dermis allowed for a greater initial fill of saline. This potentially improves cosmetic outcome, as it better capitalizes on preserved mastectomy skin for reconstruction. The authors conclude that acellular dermis-assisted implant breast reconstruction has a safety profile no worse than that of complete submuscular coverage but offers the benefit of fewer expansions and the potential for more predictable secondary revisions.

Gracilis myocutaneous free flap in autologous breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: The gracilis myocutaneous free flap provides an alternative for autologous breast reconstruction. It avoids abdominal donor-site morbidity, allows for a quicker recovery, provides an alternative to the thin patient with a hidden and acceptable donor site, and allows for supine positioning for harvest and inset in a timely fashion. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all autogenous postmastectomy reconstructions performed between January of 2005 and March of 2008. All patients receiving gracilis myocutaneous flap reconstruction for postmastectomy defects were included in this study. Office and hospital charts were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven gracilis flaps were performed during the study period. Average patient age was 50.4 years (range, 35 to 63.4 years), and average body mass index was 25.6 (range, 19.4 to 35.5). Of the 21 patients, 9.5 percent had hypertension, 19 percent smoked, none were diabetic, 14 percent were obese, and 4.8 percent had documented cardiovascular disease. Outcomes included a flap success rate of 100 percent, average operating time of 4.9 hours for unilateral (15 patients) and 6.7 hours for bilateral (six patients) flaps, intraoperative arterial thrombosis rate of 13.6 percent, average hospital stay of 3.75 days, major complication rate of 7.4 percent, and average follow-up of 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: The gracilis myocutaneous free flap provides an alternative breast reconstruction option for today's breast cancer patient. It allows for a quick harvest in the supine setting, creation of a moderate breast volume, consistent anatomy, and acceptable donor-site morbidity with good contour.