Characterization of mesoporous aluminosilicate materials by means of inverse liquid chromatography.

Estimation of the properties of mesoporous aluminosilicates in various environments is important when assessing their sorption capacity. Using inverse liquid chromatography (ILC), Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) and linear free energy relationship (LFER) parameters were calculated to determine the properties of aluminosilicates in a protic and an aprotic system, using water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, respectively. The calculated Hansen parameters, reflecting the ability of the material under investigation to different types of intermolecular interactions, slightly differ depending on the mobile phase used. It was found that in the presence of water the surface of aluminosilicates shows a weaker ability to interact, as evidenced by negative or near-zero e, s, a, b, v coefficients. Additionally, it was found that the Si/Al ratio in aluminosilicates structure has little effect on the determined parameters.

Once bitten, twice shy? Medically-attended injuries can sensitise parents to children's risk of injuries on playgrounds.

OBJECTIVE: To compare risk perceptions of parents whose child sustained a medically attended playground injury (cases) with those of parents whose child had not (controls) to address two questions. Does having a child experience a medically attended injury: (1) sensitise parents to children's injury vulnerability and severity; (2) influence parents' appraisal of the injury mechanism (child's behaviour), attributions for injuries or beliefs about strategies for prevention? METHOD: Each case-control parent dyad was assigned to one of two conditions: (1) being presented with 10 common injury-risk playground behaviours specific to the equipment on which their child had been hurt, and asked to appraise injury vulnerability and severity; or (2) being presented with scenarios about playground injuries that varied in severity but were all based on the same child behaviour, and asked questions about this behaviour, attributions for injury and strategies for prevention. RESULTS: The results support the occurrence of a sensitisation process. Compared with control parents, case parents showed higher ratings of injury severity and children's vulnerability to injury, made fewer attributions for injuries to bad luck, and endorsed a greater diversity of prevention strategies, including parent (closer supervision), child (teaching rules about safe play on playgrounds) and environmental (modifications to playgrounds). CONCLUSIONS: A child's medically attended injury can create a "teachable moment" for the parent. Linking injury-prevention programming to this teachable moment may increase the likelihood of evoking changes in parental supervisory behaviour and their setting of rules limiting their child's risk behaviours to reduce the occurrence of childhood injury.