Inclusive Hadronic Decay Rate of the τ Lepton from Lattice QCD: The u[over ¯]s Flavor Channel and the Cabibbo Angle.

We present a lattice determination of the inclusive decay rate of the process τ↦X_{us}ν_{τ} in which the τ lepton decays into a generic hadronic state X_{us} with u[over ¯]s flavor quantum numbers. Our results have been obtained in n_{f}=2+1+1 isosymmetric QCD with full nonperturbative accuracy, without any operator product expansion approximation and, except for the presently missing long-distance isospin-breaking corrections, include a solid estimate of all sources of theoretical uncertainties. This has been possible by using the Hansen-Lupo-Tantalo method [M. Hansen et al., Phys. Rev. D 99, 094508 (2019)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.99.094508] that we have already successfully applied [A. Evangelista et al., Phys. Rev. D 108, 074513 (2023)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.108.074513] to compute the inclusive decay rate of the process τ↦X_{ud}ν_{τ} in the u[over ¯]d flavor channel. By combining our first-principles theoretical results with the presently available experimental data, we extract the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{us}|, the Cabibbo angle, with a 0.9% accuracy, dominated by the experimental error.

Probing the Energy-Smeared R Ratio Using Lattice QCD.

We present a first-principles lattice QCD investigation of the R ratio between the e^{+}e^{-} cross section into hadrons and into muons. By using the method of Ref. [1], that allows one to extract smeared spectral densities from Euclidean correlators, we compute the R ratio convoluted with Gaussian smearing kernels of widths of about 600 MeV and central energies from 220 MeV up to 2.5 GeV. Our theoretical results are compared with the corresponding quantities obtained by smearing the KNT19 compilation [2] of R-ratio experimental measurements with the same kernels and, by centering the Gaussians in the region around the ρ-resonance peak, a tension of about 3 standard deviations is observed. From the phenomenological perspective, we have not included yet in our calculation QED and strong isospin-breaking corrections, and this might affect the observed tension. From the methodological perspective, our calculation demonstrates that it is possible to study the R ratio in Gaussian energy bins on the lattice at the level of accuracy required in order to perform precision tests of the standard model.

Magnetic susceptibility of strongly interacting matter across the deconfinement transition.

We propose a method to determine the total magnetic susceptibility of strongly interacting matter by lattice QCD simulations and present numerical results for the theory with two light flavors, which suggest a weak magnetic activity in the confined phase and the emergence of strong paramagnetism in the deconfined, quark-gluon plasma phase.

Atrophic mandible reconstruction using calvarial bone grafts and implant-supported overdentures: radiographic assessment of autograft healing and adaptation.

Bone grafting constitutes a vital surgical procedure in the management of severely atrophic mandibles. In this regard, calvarial bone autografts are applied in the reconstruction of wide mandibular defects caused by edentulousness and long-term denture-related resorption. Grafts are used as a framework to augment the residual ridge and provide implant stability for further prosthetic restoration. On the basis that radiographic evidence corresponds to biologic changes in bone response to transplantation and loading, the goal of this article is to document the radiographic assessment of calvarial autologous bone grafts in the recipient site. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate bone changes occurring during both the graft healing period and graft adaptation after implant loading. Emerging data show that conventional panoramic radiography may have an effect on the investigation of bone grafts and provide initial information about graft incorporation and adaptation.

Single-tooth replacement by immediate implant and connective tissue graft: a 1-9-year clinical evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-lasting efficacy of a combined surgical protocol, using immediate implant and subepithelial connective tissue graft for single-tooth replacement. The advantages of this single-center, longitudinal, randomized, blind examiner research were the following: preservation of both keratinized mucosa amount and bone tissue, optimal peri-implant marginal sealing, satisfactory aesthetic results, reduction in treatment time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the time period from 1990 to 1998, 116 patients were consecutively admitted for treatment with a total of 116 solid screw ITI-implants supporting single crowns. Ninety-six patients underwent the proposed combined treatment (test group), while 20 received only single immediate implants (control group). The observation time extended from 1 up to 9 years. RESULTS: The 9-year cumulative survival rate was 100% for both test and control groups. Comparative statistical analysis of soft and hard tissue peri-implant parameters demonstrated better results in the test group than in the control during every single 3-year analysis and especially in the last observation interval. The test group also showed very good results in terms of aesthetic parameters, which estimated the keratinized mucosa width, the alignment of crown emergence profile and the patient's satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Single-tooth replacement by immediate solid screw ITI implants in association with connective tissue autograft was demonstrated to be a predictable procedure. Moreover, this treatment can be considered as a sure system to reach an excellent functional and harmonious aesthetic restoration.

Osteoporosis: the effect on maxillary bone resorption and therapeutic possibilities by means of implant prostheses--a literature review and clinical considerations.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease in which the skeletal condition is characterized by a decreased mass of normally mineralized bone. It is considered the most common metabolic bone disease, and it constitutes a major public health problem. Given the evidence that alveolar processes provide the bony framework for tooth support, the decline of skeletal mass has to be correlated with an increased risk of oral bone loss and has a negative consequence on tooth stability. Data from past research confirm that aging and estrogen depletion have a negative influence on both tooth retention and residual alveolar crest preservation. The goal of the present article is, however, to underline how the morphostructural evolution of the edentulous maxilla is mainly due to mechanical factors as the result of alterations in maxillary function. The advantages of prosthetic rehabilitation supported by osseointegrated implants are also considered, focusing the therapeutic role of this procedure on preserving the residual alveolar ridge from atrophy.

Osteoporosis: the effect on mandibular bone resorption and therapeutic possibilities by means of implant prostheses.

In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the interrelationship between the outbreak of a systemic process of reduction in the bone mass and the possibility of a significant resorption of the alveolar bone. The degree of alveolar bone loss increases with age, and this may be related, at least in part, to the systemic conditions that also encourage the development of osteoporosis. Although numerous studies have documented the possible role of osteoporosis as a deteriorating factor in both tooth loss and mandibular bone resorption, this article underlines how the morphostructural evolution of the edentulous mandible is primarily correlated to mechanical factors as a result of modifications to its function. We will also take into consideration the therapeutic advantages provided by prosthetic rehabilitation on osseointegrated implants, in terms of reinstatement of the loading conditions through patterns of propagation of mechanical forces that are similar to physiologic ones.