ABSTRACT
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una de las afecciones más prevalentes, y que provoca mayor morbimortalidad en nuestro país. En la actualidad la EPOC se considera una afección tratable, de origen inflamatorio y frecuentemente asociada a otras enfermedades, cuya prevalencia está claramente aumentada en los pacientes con EPOC, independientemente de otras variables de confusión como el tabaquismo. Los tratamientos actuales han demostrado frenar la pérdida de función pulmonar, disminuir el número de exacerbaciones, mejorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y prolongar la supervivencia. La recuperación de los fenotipos clásicos y de otros nuevos como el de los pacientes con exacerbaciones frecuentes o el de EPOC con comorbilidad asociada, deberían permitirnos individualizar los tratamientos, al mismo tiempo que los avances en investigación genética y de los mecanismos inflamatorios nos permitirán conocer mejor la enfermedad y añadir nuevas terapias a las ya existentes(AU)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Spain. Currently, COPD is considered a treatable disease with an inflammatory origin that is frequently associated with other diseases. The prevalence of comorbidity is clearly increased in patients with COPD, irrespective of other confounding variables such as smoking. Current treatments have been proven to slow the loss of lung function, decrease the number of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life and survival. New advances regarding the classics and more recent phenotypes such as patients with frequent exacerbations or COPD with associated comorbidity should allow for more individualized treatment while advances in genetic research and inflammatory mechanisms of the disease will help us to increase our knowledge of the disease and the development of new treatments(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Smoking/adverse effects , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/prevention & control , Comorbidity , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Recurrence/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Spain. Currently, COPD is considered a treatable disease with an inflammatory origin that is frequently associated with other diseases. The prevalence of comorbidity is clearly increased in patients with COPD, irrespective of other confounding variables such as smoking. Current treatments have been proven to slow the loss of lung function, decrease the number of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life and survival. New advances regarding the classics and more recent phenotypes such as patients with frequent exacerbations or COPD with associated comorbidity should allow for more individualized treatment while advances in genetic research and inflammatory mechanisms of the disease will help us to increase our knowledge of the disease and the development of new treatments.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Aged , Disease Progression , Humans , Phenotype , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapyABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by adding polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to conventional methods and to describe the clinical and laboratory features between patients with bacterial pneumonia (BP) and viral pneumonia (VP). Adults with CAP admitted from November 2009 to October 2010 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, severity and clinical features were recorded. Conventional microbiological methods included blood and sputum cultures, acute and convalescent serologic samples, and antigen urinary detection. New methods included multiplex PCR for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis and 15 respiratory viruses. A total of 169 patients were included. Using conventional methods, we identified a pathogen in 51 % of cases. With PCR, up to 70 % of cases had an aetiological diagnosis. Forty-five patients had BP (34 %), 22 had VP (17 %) and 25 (19 %) had co-infection (BP and VP). Pneumococci and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) median values were significantly higher in BP than in VP patients. Shaking chills, higher CURB score and shock were significantly more frequent in BP. A viral infection was identified in more than one-third of patients with CAP. Clinical and laboratory features could help to differentiate between VP and BP and to guide empirical therapy.
