ABSTRACT
To obtain a better understanding of the evolving HIV-1 epidemic in Thailand, we utilized antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) to indicate the mode of HIV-1 transmission. Although the proportion of men with HCV co-infection increased between 1995 and 2000, the prevalence was similar, whereas the prevalence of men not co- infected decreased (1.93-0.46%). This suggests that HIV-1 infection associated with parenteral transmission has been stable despite a dramatic reduction in the sexual transmission of HIV-1.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Disease Outbreaks , Disease Transmission, Infectious , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Thailand/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We assessed monthly doses of tafenoquine for preventing Plasmodium vivax and multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 205 Thai soldiers received either a loading dose of tafenoquine 400 mg (base) daily for 3 days, followed by single monthly 400-mg doses (n = 104), or placebo (n = 101), for up to 5 consecutive months. In volunteers completing follow-up (96 tafenoquine and 91 placebo recipients), there were 22 P. vivax, 8 P. falciparum, and 1 mixed infection. All infections except 1 P. vivax occurred in placebo recipients, giving tafenoquine a protective efficacy of 97% for all malaria (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-99%), 96% for P. vivax malaria (95% CI, 76%-99%), and 100% for P. falciparum malaria (95% CI, 60%-100%). Monthly tafenoquine was safe, well tolerated, and highly effective in preventing P. vivax and multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria in Thai soldiers during 6 months of prophylaxis.
Subject(s)
Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control , Malaria, Vivax/prevention & control , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Animals , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Military Personnel , Thailand , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Characterization of the HIV epidemic in Thailand has benefited from the systematic testing of young men upon entry into the military. These data, which have shown that public health measures can reverse an HIV epidemic, have been reanalyzed with current geographic information systems methods. The resulting maps are, thus far, the best means of visualizing the geography of the dynamic HIV epidemic in Thailand.
