Ten-year survival and factors associated with increased mortality in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure in Thailand.

INTRODUCTION: Data on the long-term outcomes of Asian patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure is scarce. The objectives of this study were to determine short-term, intermediate-term and long-term survival among patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure in Thailand, and to identify factors independently associated with increased mortality. METHODS: Patients who were admitted with a primary diagnosis of heart failure were enrolled in the Thai Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry (ADHERE) from 18 hospitals located across Thailand during 2006. Medical record data was collected according to ADHERE protocol. Mortality data was collected from death certificates on file at the Thailand Bureau of Registration Administration. RESULTS: A total of 1,451 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 63.7 ± 14.4 years, and 49.7% were male. One-year, five-year and ten-year mortality rates in Thai patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure were 28.0%, 58.2% and 73.3%, respectively. Independent predictors of increased mortality were identified. There were more cardiovascular-related deaths than non-cardiovascular-related deaths (54.6% vs. 45.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The ten-year mortality rate in Thai patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure was 73.3%. Many factors were found to be independently associated with increased mortality, including left ventricular ejection fraction.

The efficacy and safety of transradial approach in comparison with transfemoral approach for coronary angiography and ad hoc coronary angioplasty in Thailand.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of transradial approach compared with transfemoral approach for coronary angiography and ad hoc angioplasty in Phramongkutklao hospital at the time of initiation of transradial program. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective data collection of consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography with ad hoc angioplasty during October 2004 to January 2005 was conducted. Baseline demographic data and the details of the procedure were recorded. The complications were assessed by a single doctor using standard protocol. RESULTS: There were 75 included in our study. Transradial approach and transfemoral approach was performed in 23 cases (30.7%) and 52 cases (69.3%), respectively. The baseline characteristics, procedure results were similar except the there was higher prevalence of NST-ACS symptoms (92.31% vs. 65.22%, p = 0.004) and access site complications in transfemoral group (23.08% vs. 4.35%, p = 0.035). The success rate was very high (> 90%) and not significantly different in both groups. However the transradial group was associated with lower assess site complications earlier ambulation and better patient's satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Even at the time of initiation of transradial program, transradial approach for coronary angiography and ad hoc angioplasty can be performed with similar efficacy, less local complication, earlier ambulation and better patient's satisfaction compared to the standard transfemoral approach.

Predictors of in-hospital mortality in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in Thai Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (TACSR).

OBJECTIVE: To determine baseline prognostic factors of in-hospital mortality in Thai patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 5,537 NSTE-ACS patients enrolled in Thai Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry, a univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to estimate the relationship of baseline clinical variables and in-hospital mortality. Variables examined included demographics, history and presenting characteristics. RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.5%. The statistically significant, adjusted baseline prognostic factors of in-hospital death were older age > or =65 years) (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-3.09), shock at presentation (OR 4.6, 95%CI = 2.91-7.32), heart failure (OR 3.1, 95%CI = 2.15-4.38), positive cardiac marker (OR 1.7, 95%CI = 1.18-2.53), arrhythmia (OR 12.3, 95%CI = 8.71-17.35), major bleeding (OR 2.9, 95%CI = 1.84-4.51), and cerebrovascular accident (OR 4.9, 95% CI = 2.42-9.97). While dyslipidemia (OR 0.6, 95%CI = 0.45-0.87), having percutaneous coronary intervention (OR 0.6, 95% CI = 0.39-0.94), receiving aspirin (OR 0.6, 95%CI = 0.33-0.94), beta-blocker (OR 0.5, 95% CI = 0.40-0.73), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (OR 0.6, 95% CI = 0.43-0.78) and nitrate (OR 0.5, 95%CI= 0.35-0.76) were associated with lower in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: The in-hospital mortality is higher in Thai NSTE-ACS patients compared to other populations. The present study supports and confirms the prognostics importance of several baseline characteristics reported in previous studies.

Diabetes mellitus and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in Thai ACS Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To describe differences in in-hospital morbidity and mortality, presenting characteristics and management practices of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction using data from Thai ACS registry. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thai ACS registry is a multi-center prospective project of nationwide registration in Thailand. RESULTS: The present study consisted of 3,548 patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction from 17 hospitals in about a 3-year period. About 50% of the patients with diabetes were more often female, with a greater prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. The diabetic group was at an increased risk for congestive heart failure (adjusted odds ratio 1.84) but not increased risk for cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac mortality, and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: There was a very high prevalence of diabetes in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction from ThaiACS registry. These patients were at increased risk for congestive heart failure as index of hospitalization but were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality when compared with patients without diabetes.

Impact of gender on treatment and clinical outcomes in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients in Thailand.

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in men as well as in women. Women have their first cardiac event 6 to 10 years later than men do. Whereas, the cardiovascular death rates are declining in men, they remain constant in women. In cardiovascular studies with age limits, women are naturally the minority, amounting to < 40%. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of gender on treatment and clinical outcomes in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a multicenter study including 13 government and 4 private institutions. Between August 1, 2002 and October 31, 2005, 3,836 consecutive patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction were enrolled. The patient characteristics, treatment, and hospital outcome were collected and validated. In-hospital management and outcomes were compared between men and women, without adjustment, with adjustment for age alone and with adjustment for age and other covariates by means of multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. In each model tested, gender was forced into the model, whereas other predictors were selected in a stepwise manner RESULTS: Women were 1,223 patients (31.9%) of all patients and were 8 years older than men (67.5 +/- 12.0 vs. 59.7 +/- 12.4 years). Women had a higher incidence of diabetes and hypertension (46.9% vs. 31.0%, p < 0.001 and 62.1% vs. 45.3%, p < 0.001). Smoking and family risk factor were found in men more than in women (17.5% vs. 52.5%, p < 0.001 and 7.4% vs. 11.2%, p< 0.001). Women presented more frequently with cardiac dyspnea and shock than men (35.3% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.001 and 21.5% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in time to admission between men and women. Beta blocker, statin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor inhibitor (ARB) were less frequently used in women. Coronary angiogram was performed less often in women and less abnormal angiogram were found (57.8% vs. 65.0%, p < 0.001 and 55.5% vs. 63.9%, p < 0.001). A lower percentage of women received thrombolytic therapy (28.1% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.039) as well as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (39.0% vs. 48.5%, p < 0.001).Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in women than in men (23.6% vs. 13.9%, unadjusted OR (95% CI) 1.90 (1.60-2.26), p < 0.001). After adjustment of other covariables (age group> 75 years, hospital group (metropolitan, regional), chest pain, cardiac dyspnea, shock, post cardiac arrest, diabetes, hypertension, family history, smoking, dyslipidemia, refer time to admission < or = 12 hours (hour), aspirin, beta blocker calcium antagonist, statin, ACEI, ARB, nitrate, coronary angiogram, thrombolysis, PCI, coronary artery bypass grafting, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, bleeding), the gender difference in-hospital mortality no longer existed (adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.03 (0.80-1.33), p = 0.814). The incidence of congestive heart failure as a complication was significantly higher in women than in men (55.6% vs. 38.7%, p < 0.001, adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.29 (1.08-1.54), p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Women with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction were older and had a higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes than men. Women were less likely than men to undergo coronary angioplasty. Women in the authors' registry had a higher risk for in-hospital morbidity and mortality than men. Early and aggressive treatment might improve the clinical outcomes in women with STEMI.

Predictors of in-hospital mortality in Thai STEMI patients: results from TACSR.

BACKGROUND: Clinical predictors of high-risk STEMI patients may guide physicians to the type of treatment, as high-risk patients need more aggressive treatment than low-risk patients. There was no previous registry of STEMI patients in Thailand. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients from the Thai ACS MATERIAL AND METHOD: A multi-center prospective nationwide Thai Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (TACSR) was done between August 1, 2002 and October 31, 2005. The STEMI patients were registered to Thai ACS web site. Clinical and demographic characteristics, coronary risk factors, presenting symptoms, in-hospital treatments, reperfusion procedures and the patients' outcomes were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: 3,836 STEMI patients were studied. The mean age was 62.2 +/- 12.8 years and 68% of the patients were male. The mortality rate of Thai STEMI patients was 17% (86.8% from cardiac causes) and the main cause of death was pumping failure (61.3%). The patients with older age > or = 75 years, patients with diabetes, shock, and cardiac arrhythmias had a higher mortality (29.4, 21.2, 43.4 and 37.24% respectively), while patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (primary PCI) had a lower mortality rate (12.66%). Patients who received treatment with ASA, beta-blocker ACE inhibitor/ARB and statin had lower in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: The clinical predictors of high in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients from the TACSR were older age > or = 75 years, diabetes, shock, and cardiac arrhythmias. The treatments that can decrease the mortality were primary PCI, ASA, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor/ARB and statin.