ABSTRACT
La exposición prenatal al alcohol es causa de alteraciones somáticas, cognitivas y conductuales que se agrupan bajo el término de trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal (TEAF). La evolución a largo plazo de los sujetos afectados a menudo es desfavorable, especialmente a nivel académico y adaptativo social. En el perfil neuropsicológico es característica la disfunción ejecutiva a menudo asociada a trastornos de la conducta que evolucionan en muchos casos hacia la delincuencia a partir de la adolescencia y en la edad adulta. Se han descrito también déficits de las habilidades sociales y la empatía. La exposición prenatal al alcohol constituye la causa más frecuente de trastorno del neurodesarrollo adquirido y prevenible.
Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the cause of cognitive and behavioural disorders grouped under the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The long-term evolution of subjects with FASD is often unfavourable, especially in social and academic fields. Executive dysfunction is a hallmark deficit for children with FASD with increased rates of externalizing behaviours, such as aggressiveness and frequently delinquency in adolescence and adulthood. Deficits in social skills, empathy and communication ability are frequent observed among FASD. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the most frequent cause of acquired and preventable neurodevelopmental disorder.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Prognosis , Social Behavior Disorders/etiology , Chick Embryo , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Uncertainty , Diagnostic Errors , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the cause of cognitive and behavioural disorders grouped under the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The long-term evolution of subjects with FASD is often unfavourable, especially in social and academic fields. Executive dysfunction is a hallmark deficit for children with FASD with increased rates of externalizing behaviours, such as aggressiveness and frequently delinquency in adolescence and adulthood. Deficits in social skills, empathy and communication ability are frequent observed among FASD. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the most frequent cause of acquired and preventable neurodevelopmental disorder.
La exposición prenatal al alcohol es causa de alteraciones somáticas, cognitivas y conductuales que se agrupan bajo el término de trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal (TEAF). La evolución a largo plazo de los sujetos afectados a menudo es desfavorable, especialmente a nivel académico y adaptativo social. En el perfil neuropsicológico es característica la disfunción ejecutiva a menudo asociada a trastornos de la conducta que evolucionan en muchos casos hacia la delincuencia a partir de la adolescencia y en la edad adulta. Se han descrito también déficits de las habilidades sociales y la empatía. La exposición prenatal al alcohol constituye la causa más frecuente de trastorno del neurodesarrollo adquirido y prevenible.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Animals , Chick Embryo , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Diagnostic Errors , Female , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/physiopathology , Humans , Pregnancy , Prognosis , Social Behavior Disorders/etiology , UncertaintyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Learning Disabilities/complications , Underachievement , School Health Services , Neurobiology/methods , Student Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Public Policy/trends , Educational MeasurementABSTRACT
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobiological disorders in childhood, and is characterized by inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsiveness, with an estimated prevalence of 5.29%. ADHD can have a negative impact upon all areas of the life of the patient. The main clinical guides accept multimodal treatment, involving both pharmacological and psychological measures, as the best management approach in ADHD (psychoeducational, behavioural and academic). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a new drug for the treatment of ADHD. A multidiscipline expert document has been developed, compiling the scientific evidence referred to this new molecule. The study also addresses the existing shortcomings in current drug therapy for ADHD and the contributions of LDX to routine clinical practice, in an attempt to help and guide physicians in the use of this new treatment. This document is endorsed by the ADHD and Psychoeducational Development task Group of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Pediatrics (Grupo de TDAH y Desarrollo Psicoeducativo de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria, AEPap), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Neurology (Sociedad Española de Neurología Pediátrica, SENEP) and the Spanish Society of Out-hospital Pediatrics and Primary Care (Sociedad Española de Pediatría Extrahospitalaria y Atención Primaria, SEPEAP).
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate/therapeutic use , Prodrugs/therapeutic use , HumansABSTRACT
El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos neurobiológicos más frecuentes en la infancia, caracterizado por la existencia de unos niveles inapropiados de inatención, hiperactividad y/o impulsividad con una prevalencia estimada del 5,29%. El trastorno puede afectar negativamente a todas las áreas de la vida del individuo. Las principales guías clínicas aceptan el tratamiento multimodal como el más recomendable en el TDAH, lo que engloba la aproximación farmacológica y psicológica (psicoeducativa, conductual y académica). El dimesilato de lisdexanfetamina (LDX) es un nuevo tratamiento farmacológico para el TDAH. A fin de recopilar las evidencias científicas sobre esta nueva molécula se ha realizado un documento de expertos multidisciplinar. Este trabajo estudia además las carencias existentes en el tratamiento farmacológico actual en el TDAH y las aportaciones que presenta LDX en la práctica clínica diaria, intentando ayudar y guiar a los médicos en el uso de esta novedad terapéutica. Este documento está respaldado con los avales de las siguientes sociedades científicas: Grupo de TDAH y Desarrollo Psicoeducativo de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap), Sociedad Española de Neurología Pediátrica (SENEP) y Sociedad Española de Pediatría Extrahospitalaria y Atención Primaria (SEPEAP)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobiological disorders in childhood, and is characterized by inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsiveness, with an estimated prevalence of 5.29%. ADHD can have a negative impact upon all areas of the life of the patient. The main clinical guides accept multimodal treatment, involving both pharmacological and psychological measures, as the best management approach in ADHD (psychoeducational, behavioural and academic). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a new drug for the treatment of ADHD. A multidiscipline expert document has been developed, compiling the scientific evidence referred to this new molecule. The study also addresses the existing shortcomings in current drug therapy for ADHD and the contributions of LDX to routine clinical practice, in an attempt to help and guide physicians in the use of this new treatment. This document is endorsed by the ADHD and Psychoeducational Development task Group of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Pediatrics (Grupo de TDAH y Desarrollo Psicoeducativo de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria, AEPap), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Neurology (Sociedad Española de Neurología Pediátrica, SENEP) and the Spanish Society of Out-hospital Pediatrics and Primary Care (Sociedad Española de Pediatría Extrahospitalaria y Atención Primaria, SEPEAP
Subject(s)
Humans , Prodrugs/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Dextroamphetamine/pharmacokinetics , Drug Approval , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Norepinephrine/antagonists & inhibitors , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Amnesia/diagnosis , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Mental Recall , Amnesia/etiology , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Learning Disabilities/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is an autosomal recessive syndrome with onset during the fetal period. Two subtypes of pontocerebellar hypoplasia have been described on the basis of clinical and neuropathologic criteria. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 is characterized by progressive microcephaly, early onset of extrapyramidal dyskinesia, and near absence of motor and cognitive development, without signs of either spinal or peripheral involvement. We report a clinical observation of a patient with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2, a 3-year-old girl with progressive microcephaly, dystonic limb movements, and absence of motor and cognitive development. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed pontocerebellar hypoplasia. At the age of 2 years, she suffered a Reye-like syndrome that worsened her condition. Differential diagnosis was established with intrauterine injuries, other malformative syndromes, and neurodegenerative or neurometabolic disorders, which can be associated with cerebellar hypoplasia.
