ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to carry out a pilot implementation and evaluation of the OverCome-AAI program, a pioneering program for the prevention of suicidal behavior through animal-assisted interventions for young people with high risk factors for suicidal behavior. The study sample consisted of 30 adolescents (11 boys and 19 girls) aged between 14 and 17 years (Mean age = 15.50, SD = 1.60) from the Basque Country (Northern Spain). After the intervention, subjects presented reductions in suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and non-suicidal self-harm, as well as a greater predisposition to seek help. A reduction in the intensity of mental pain was also found, although no differences were observed in indicators of hopelessness and depression. The preliminary results obtained in this pilot study suggest that the OverCome-AAI program may be effective in reducing suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-harm in young people in residential care who present high risk factors for suicide.
ABSTRACT
This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on the well-being of people with HIV and the mediating role of self-exclusion as a function of the participants' symptoms of lipodystrophy. An ex post facto study with a sample of 706 people with HIV was conducted. Selfperception of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, perceived discrimination, self-exclusion and psychological well-being were measured. Results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed participants could be categorized into three groups: no lipodystrophy, mixed syndrome with predominant lipoaccumulation and lipoatrophy. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that the negative effects of perceived discrimination on well-being were mediated to a large extent by self-exclusion. Invariance analysis revealed that the mediating role of self-exclusion was not the same in the three clusters. Complete mediation of self-exclusion in the groups without lipodystrophy and with predominant lipoaccumulation was confirmed. Regarding lipoatrophy, the negative effects of perceived discrimination were greater and only partly mediated by self-exclusion. In conclusion, having lipodystrophy exposed people to more discrimination; lipoatrophy was the most stigmatizing condition (AU)
Este estudio examinó los efectos de la discriminación percibida sobre el bienestar de las personas con VIH y el papel mediador de la autoexclusión en función de los síntomas de lipodistrofia de los participantes. Se realizó un estudio ex post facto con una muestra de 706 personas con VIH. Se midió la autopercepción de lipoatrofia y lipohipertrofia, discriminación percibida, autoexclusión y bienestar psicológico. Los resultados del análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico mostraron que los participantes podían clasificarse en tres grupos: sin lipodistrofia, síndrome mixto con lipoacumulación predominante y lipoatrofia. Los resultados del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron que los efectos negativos de la discriminación percibida sobre el bienestar estaban mediados en gran medida por la autoexclusión. El análisis de invarianza reveló que el papel mediador de la autoexclusión no era el mismo en los tres grupos. Se confirmó la mediación completa de la autoexclusión en los grupos sin lipodistrofia y con lipoacumulación predominante. Con respecto a la lipoatrofia, los efectos negativos de la discriminación percibida fueron mayores y solo parcialmente mediados por la autoexclusión. En conclusión, tener lipodistrofia expone a las personas a más discriminación; la lipoatrofia fue la condición más estigmatizante (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Discrimination, Psychological , Lipodystrophy/psychology , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/complications , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/psychology , Social Marginalization/psychology , Data Analysis/methods , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Models, PsychologicalABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión reducida de la «Escala de afecto positivo y negativo» (Positive and Negative Affect, PNA; Warr, Barter y Brownbridge, 1983) en español. Participaron 1601 personas (61,6% mujeres) con una edad media de 33,27 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció mejores indicadores de ajuste para una versión reducida del instrumento (PNA-10) compuesta por 10 ítems. La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) de las subescalas fue adecuada, de 0,84 para el afecto positivo (AP) y 0,81 para el afecto negativo (AN) y fiabilidad compuesta de 0,88 para el AP y 0,82 para el AN. Análisis posteriores mostraron relaciones significativas entre las dos subescalas y el sexo, el estatus de pareja, la duración de la misma y el número de hijos. También con el sentimiento de soledad. Estos resultados, así como las bajas correlaciones con deseabilidad social confirman las buenas propiedades psicométricas de la PNA-10, que creemos constituye un instrumento adecuado para la evaluación del componente emocional (AP y AN) del bienestar subjetivo (AU)
The aim of this paper is to analyze the psychometric properties of a short version of the «Positive and Negative Affect Scale» (PNA; Warr, Barter and Brownbridge, 1983). The participants were 1601 individuals (61.6% women) with a mean age of 33.27 years. Confirmatory factor analysis evidenced better indicators of adjustment for a reduced version of the instrument (PNA-10) composed of 10 items. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the subscales was adequate: .84 for PA and .81 for NA; composite reliability of .88 for PA and .82 for NA. Further analysis showed significant relationships of PA and NA with sex, marital status, length of the relationship and number of children, and also with loneliness (social, family and romantic). These results, as well as the low correlations of the instrument with Social Desirability, confirmed the good psychometric properties of PNA-10, which we consider to be an appropriate instrument for assessing the emotional component (PA and NA) of subjective well-being (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Affect , Emotions , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Social Adjustment , Expressed Emotion , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Adjustment Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The study had two aims: 1) to analyze the existence of gender differences in socioemotional developmental factors, and 2) to apply a program of education for peace and prevention of violence to determine whether the pretest-posttest change in socioemotional developmental factors differs as a function of gender. METHODS: The sample comprised 285 adolescents, aged 15-16 years, including 162 experimental subjects and 123 control subjects. An experimental design of repeated pre-posttest measures with a control group was used, and four assessment instruments were administered. RESULTS: Analyses of variance confirmed significantly higher scores in the female adolescents in cognitions of rejection of violence, prosocial cognitions, cooperative conflict solving, positive strategies for coping with violence, and positive social behaviors. Male adolescents obtained significantly higher scores in cognitions of acceptance of violence, aggressive conflict solving, aggressive strategies for coping with violence, and negative social behaviors. The pre-post change in most of the factors of socioemotional development assessed was similar in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the need to reflect on and modify the type of childrearing and socialization patterns that are promoted in males so that they will favor the development of skills oriented toward warm interpersonal relations, nonaggressive communication, positive social behaviors, internal control of anger, empathy, etc. Results also suggest including supplementary modules for males when designing interventions to prevent violence.
Subject(s)
Cognition , Social Behavior , Violence/prevention & control , Violence/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Aggression , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Sex Factors , SpainABSTRACT
En este estudio se examina la relación entre las percepciones de autoconcordancia y autoeficacia en la búsqueda de objetivos personales con el bienestar físico y psicológico. Se busca examinar la estructura del Modelo de Autoconcordancia de los objetivos personales (Sheldon, 1999), así como estudiar la predicción que la autoconcordancia y la autoeficacia hacen del bienestar percibido. Se solicitó a una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (N=329) que evaluase el grado de autoconcordancia y de autoeficacia que percibían en sus tres objetivos personales principales. Se tomaron además medidas de afecto positivo y negativo así como de percepción de síntomas físicos. En primer lugar, los resultados mostraron una estructura válida del modelo Autoconcordancia. En segundo lugar, tanto la autoeficacia como la autoconcordancia mostraron ser predictores necesarios para el afecto positivo, pero con el afecto negativo y el bienestar físico solamente la autoeficacia mostró ser un predictor significativo. En las conclusiones se analiza el valor de esta diferenciación en la relación con el afecto y el bienestar
Abstract: In this study the relationship between self-efficacy and self-concordance of personal goals and well-being was investigated. The goal was to examine the structure of self-concordance (Sheldon, 1999), as well as to check the predictive value of self-efficacy and self-concordance on well-being. University students (N=329) rated the self-concordance and self-efficacy perceptions upon their three most valued personal goals. Indeed, measures of positive and negative affect and physical symptoms reports were also obtained. Results show that the self-concordance structure fits the model, and that both self-efficacy and self-concordance were necessary to predict positive affect, whereas self-efficacy was sufficient to predict negative affect and physical symptoms. Implications for this dif-ferentiation in relationships with affect and well-being are discussed
