ABSTRACT
As water-soluble ionic contaminants, which arise following proton irradiation of [18O]H2O have been associated with decreased [18F]FDG yields, the minimization of these contaminants is an asset in improving the [18F]F reactivity. To this end, we have previously demonstrated that the use of Nb-sputtered Havar foils results in decreased radionuclidic and chemical impurities in proton irradiated [18O]H2O, improved [18F]FDG yields, and improved [18F]FDG yield consistency when compared with non-sputtered Havar. Resulting from the highly reactive chemical microenvironment within the target however, this niobium layer is observed to degrade over time. To find a material that displays increased longevity with regards to maintaining high [18F]F reactivity, this project extensively investigated and compared Havar foils sputtered with Nb, Pt, Ta, Ti, Zr and ZrO2. Of the materials investigated, the results of this study suggest that Ta-sputtered Havar foil is the preferred choice. For similar integrated currents (~1,000,000 µA min), when comparing the Ta-sputtered Havar with Nb-sputtered Havar we observed: (i) greater than an order of magnitude decrease in radionuclidic impurities, (ii) a 6.4 percent increase (p=0.0025) in the average TracerLab MX [18F]FDG yield, and (iii) an overall improvement in the FDG yield consistency. Excellent performance of the Ta-sputtered foil was maintained throughout its ~1,500,000 µA min lifetime.
Subject(s)
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemical synthesis , Niobium/chemistry , Platinum/chemistry , Tantalum/chemistry , Zirconium/chemistry , Cyclotrons , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/isolation & purification , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Protons , Titanium , WaterABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the compliance with the primary health care quality criteria of the Committee for Quality Improvement of the Catalan Society of Family and Community Medicine. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Reformed primary care centres (PCC) in Catalonia (186), of which 73 (39.2%) filled out the disk with the results. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 202 criteria, divided into five sections (structure and material resources, human resources, work organisation, systems of recording and access, and continuity, confidentiality and participation), were self-evaluated in each PCC. These criteria were defined as basic or optimal and compliance with them was graded from 1 to 4. 72.8% of the criteria were fully complied with. In 7.4% there was partial compliance, and in 19.7% non-compliance. The basic criteria had 74% total compliance, whereas the optimal criteria had 51.9%. The groups with least compliance (sum of the total plus the partial) were records systems (68.6%) and human resources (73.5%). The organisation group had the best compliance (85.5%). By sub-groups, the greatest compliance was found in privacy (93.7%), direct care (89.2%) and recording actions (89.1%). Sub-groups with least compliance were long-term treatments (61.8%), vaccinations (46.4%) and storage (42%). Eight of the 18 criteria not complied with by 50% or more were considered responsibility of the team. There was 37.8% total compliance and 24% partial in the criteria referring to the specific training of primary care professionals. Up to 80% non-compliance was found in quality of long-term prescription records, vaccinations and storage. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of compliance in the sections which depend most on professionals should be noted (accessibility-continuity and organisation). This study is a first approach towards understanding the quality of the structure of PC in Catalonia, and enables proposals for improvement to be set up.
